بازپژوهي دلايل صحت بيع معاطات با تأكيد بر آراي امام خميني (ره)

A Re-Search in the Reasons of the Validity of the Mo'tat (Sale by Conduct) from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini

از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮارد اﺧﺘﻼﻓﯽ اﻗﺴﺎم ﺑﯿﻊ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻓﻘﻬﺎي اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ، ﺑﯿﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻟﺬا ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﻣﻮرد ادﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺑﯿﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺎت از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ ﻻزم و ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎزﭘﮋوﻫﯽ دﻻﯾﻞ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺑﯿﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺎت از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ آراي اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ، ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻋﺪهاي از ﻓﻘﻬﺎ، ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺎت را ﺑﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﺘﺰﻟﺰل ﻣﯽداﻧﻨﺪ، ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﺣﻠﯽ و ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺣﻠﯽ و ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺒﺎت ادﻋﺎي ﺧﻮد دﻻﯾﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن رواﯾﺖ، اﺻﻞ و اﺟﻤﺎع ذﮐﺮ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ ﻋﺪهاي از ﻓﻘﻬﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺎت را ﺻﺤﯿﺢ و آنرا ﻻزم ﻣﯽداﻧﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺒﺎت ادﻋﺎي ﺧﻮد ادﻟﻪاي ذﮐﺮ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺎت را ﻻزم و ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻧﻤﯽداﻧﻨﺪ، را رد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﺷﺮوﻃﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﯿﻊ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﯿﺎرات، در ﺑﯿﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

One of the controversial points of sale in Imamyiieh fiqh is the sale by conduct. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the reasons behind the authenticity of this sale. The present study is a re-search in these reasons from the point of view of Imam Khomeini in an explanatory, analytical, and descriptive way. Some of the scholars, such as Allameh Helli and Mohaghegh Helli, consider sale by conduct as unstable, and have appealed as reasons to hadith, text, and consensus. However, other scholars such as Imam Khomeini believe in the authenticity of the sale by conduct and consider it necessary, refuting the viewpoint of the former group who are against it. They also believe that the choices which exist in other sales are valid in the sale by conduct as well.