تاثيرگذاري مباني فقهي بر تحول سياست هاي حقوقي-تقنيني

Influencing jurisprudential foundations on the evolution of the legal-legislative policies

ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ، ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي و ﺧﻂﻣﺸﯽ ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬار را در وﺿﻊ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻃﺒﻖ اﺻﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ اﺳﺘﻮار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺷﯿﻌﻪ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﯿﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻋﻢ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت ﻓﻘﻪ ﺷﯿﻌﻪ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ آنرا از دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪاي زﯾﺮ ﺑﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ آن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻮل در ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﮐﻼن، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ و ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮي در ﻓﻘﻪ ﺷﯿﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺤﻮﻻت راﻫﺒﺮدي در روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﮕﺎرش واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻓﻘﻬﯽ در ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ-اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﻘﻪ و اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ در اﻣﻮر زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﮐﻼن ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺘﯽ، زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎز ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاريﻫﺎ و روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬاري ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻣﮑﺎنﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺗﺤﻮل راﻫﺒﺮدي در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ، ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ درﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺗﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ و روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺖ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ در ﻓﻘﻪ ﺷﯿﻌﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ راﻫﺒﺮدي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﻪ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﺎ و اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﻄﺮح و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﺎ و اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﺷﯿﻌﯽ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن دوﻟﺖ و ﺣﻮزه ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﯿﺖ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ راﻫﺒﺮدي در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬاري ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻮن ﺑﺎﻧﮑﺪاري و ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﺎد اداري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Abstract Legislative policies specify the direction and policy of the legislator in establishing laws and regulations. These policies, which are formulated in the framework of the general policies of the system, should be based on jurisprudential foundations, in order to make the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran legal according to the fourth principle of the constitution. Considering the fundamental role of jurisprudential discourse in the formation of various legal-social policies, emphasizing the dynamics of jurisprudence and citing this in infrastructure matters and macro-government issues, will be the basis for reviewing many policies and inflexible approaches in the field of legislation. In order to assess the feasibility of strategic change in the legislative policies of the government, with a descriptive-analytical approach, this research seeks to answer the question of what changes and with what contexts and approaches have taken place in the field of legitimacy of governance in Shia jurisprudence? In this article, the developments in the strategic concepts of the legal and political system are presented and analyzed according to various aspects, including the social and political characteristics that govern the time and society, the review and opinions of scholars and thinkers, and attention is paid to the deep transformation of the opinions of Shia scholars and thinkers about the government. an‎d in the field of politics after constitutionalism, this evolution can be a basis for strategic transformation in legislative policies, especially new legislation in areas such as banking and dealing with administrative corruption.