نظريه ذاتي بودن رابطه لفظ و معنا و تأثير آن بر گذاره‌هاي فقهي

The theory of being inherent of the relationship between words and meaning and its influence on jurisprudence

راﺑﻄﻪ ﻟﻔﻆ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ زﺑﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﻒ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ آن ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﻓﻘﻬﯽ دارد. اﺻﻮﻟﯿﻮن در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﻔﺎظ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻋﺘﺒﺎري ﺑﻮدن راﺑﻄﻪ ﻟﻔﻆ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺳﻪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺼﻮر اﺳﺖ: وﺿﻊ، ﺗﻌﻬﺪ و اﻗﺘﺮان. ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎ داراي ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺒﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻟﻔﻆ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﭘﺲ از وﺿﻊ واﺿﻊ اﻣﺮي ذاﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺮ درﺳﺘﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ، ﺗﺮﺗﺐ آﺛﺎر واﻗﻌﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب و ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮ اﻟﻔﺎظ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺪون اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ واﺿﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ از ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ذاﺗﯽ ﻟﻔﻆ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎ آﮔﺎه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ

The relationship between word and meaning is one of the topics of linguistics, and discovering the truth of such a relationship can lead to very important results in jurisprudence. Scholars of principles of jurisprudence have included one of their topics in the section of words discussion to deal with this issue. There are three categories based on the validity of the relationship between word and meaning,: Contract, commitment and association. Since all previous theories have advantages and disadvantages. The findings of this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method and with reference to library sources, show that the relationship between words and meaning after the introduction is an inherent thing. The proof of the correctness of this theory is the order of real favorable and unfavorable effects on words, without the need for the narrator to be aware of the inherent relationship between words and meaning.