تبيين مفهومي روايت «اكرموا اولادي الصالحون لله و الطالحون لي» و پيامدهاي فقهي آن

Conceptual explanation of the narrative»Akrimu Oladi al-Salihoon Lillah wa al-Talihoon Li« and its jurisprudential consequences

ﺳﯿﺎدت اﺷﺨﺎص، ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺣﯿﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ آﻧﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ )ﺳﺎدات(، در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ از اﺣﺘﺮام وﯾﮋهاي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. در آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ اﮐﺮام ﺳﺎدات ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺪرﻣﺘﯿﻘﻦ آن، ﺳﺎدات ﺻﺎﻟﺢ و ﺑﺎﺗﻘﻮا اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦوﺟﻮد، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎد رواﯾﺖ »اﮐﺮﻣﻮا اوﻻدي اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻮن ﷲ و اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺤﻮن ﻟﯽ« در اﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎب و ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﻮدن اﮐﺮام ﺳﺎدات، ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﺎدات ﺻﺎﻟﺢ و ﻏﯿﺮﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﺸﺪهاﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﺷﻤﺎري از ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺳﻨﺪي رواﯾﺖ و ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﺎد ادﻟﻪ اﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮوف و ﻧﻬﯽ از ﻣﻨﮑﺮ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻃﻼق دﻻﯾﻞ ﺣﺪود و ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺮات، اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﯾﻦ رواﯾﺖ را اﻧﮑﺎر ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ رواﯾﺖ »اﮐﺮﻣﻮا اوﻻدي اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻮن ﷲ و اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺤﻮن ﻟﯽ« و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﻘﻬﯽ آن ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد؛ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺳﻨﺪي آن ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻀﻤﻮن آن ﻫﻢ ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﯽ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ ﻧﺪارد.

Throughout the history of Islam, attribution to the Prophet has always played an important role in the political and social life of individuals. His descendants, or in common parlance, Sᾱdᾱt, have enjoyed special respect in Islamic societies. Many narrations have strongly ordered to respect Sᾱdᾱt, whose certainty is that Sᾱdᾱt is righteous and pious. However, many jurists have not made a difference between righteous and unrighteous Sadats regarding the esteem and desirability of Ikram Sadat. According to the narration of "Akrimu awladi al-Salihoon Lillah wa al-Talihoon Li" they have given similar rulings for all the Prophet's children (righteous and unrighteous). Against a number of jurists have denied the authenticity and validity of the narration by citing the weak documentation of the narration on the one hand and the opposition of its content to the book and Sunnah, the evidence of the command to the ma'roof and the prohibition of evil and the limits and punishments on the other hand . This article deals with the conceptual explanation of the mentioned narrative and its jurisprudential consequences with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results show that although the document is a narration of the sender, its content has no conflict with religious teachings; rather, the agreement of the hadith with the generality compensates for the weakness of its chain of transmission and is the basis of the fatwa and the practice of the jurists based on it.