ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ورّاث در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻋﻮل؛ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ

The influence of heirs classes in fulfilment of the A'oul (shares’ reduction of heirs); A comparative study of jurisprudence of islamic sects

ﻋﻮل ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻦ از ﺳﻬﻢاﻻرث ورّاث و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻬﺎم ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﺳﻬﺎم ﻫﻤﻪ ورّاث اﺳﺖ، راهﺣﻠﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﺑﺮاي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎل ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻬﻢاﻻرث اﻓﺮاد واﻓﯽ ﻧﺒﻮده، ﻣﺤﺮوم ﮐﺮدن ورﺛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ رد ﻋﻮل ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻘﻬﯽ، ﻧﻘﺺ در ﺳﻬﺎم ﺗﺮﮐﻪ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎن ﺳﻬﻢ )ورّاث( را راﻫﮑﺎر ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ داﻧﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻬﻢاﻹرث اﺻﻨﺎف ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪي ﺑﺮادران و ﺧﻮاﻫﺮان در ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ، ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ اﮔﺮ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻗﻮيﺗﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺿﻌﯿﻒﺗﺮ ﻣﻘﺪم ﮔﺮدد و ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﺎﻋﺪهاي در اﻋﻄﺎي ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ورﺛﻪ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﻮد، ﻧﯿﺎزي ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻋﻮل ﻧﯿﺴﺖ.

A'oul, that is decreasing the inheritance share (sahmolerth) of heirs (worrath) and increasing the number of shares to provide the share for all heirs, is a soloution by jurisconsult (Foqaha), is for the time the assets of the begone is not sufficient for all the shares of heirs and depriving the heirs is also not possible. some Foqaha, jurisprudent, reject the Oul for contradicting Fiqhi principles and present Naqs(decrese) in the assets shares of a particular group of share owners as a solution. This research using description and analysis by refering to library sources analyzes the inheritance share of triple groups of brothers and sisters in Qoran kareem and concludes; while the stronger guild gets priority over the weaker one and it becomes a base for giving shares to inherit-ants, there is no need to refer to Aoul basis.