ﻋﺪم ﻣﺮزاﻧﮕﺎري ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ اﻋﺘﺒﺎري و ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آن در ﻓﻬﻢ ﮔﺰارهﻫﺎي ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ

The lack of demarcation of credit and real concepts and its effect on the understanding of jurisprudence and legal propositions

ﻋﺪم ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ از اﻋﺘﺒﺎري، ﭼﺎﻟﺸﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺎه ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. از آنﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮ ﺧﻼف ﻣﻘﺘﻀﺎي ذات ﻋﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻧﺒﻮده و در ﻋﻘﺪ ﺷﺮط ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد، اﻟﺰامآور ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ در اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﯾﺎت، اﻣﺮي ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻪﺣﺴﺎب آﻣﺪه، ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻮب ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﺣﮑﺎم ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. از اﯾﻦرو، ﺿﺮورت دارد اﺑﺘﺪا اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ آنﮔﺎه اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎطﻫﺎي ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺻﻮل ﺟﺎري در ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﻮرد واﮐﺎوي و ﻧﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪي اﻋﺘﺒﺎري ﺑﻮدن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﺰارهﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ، ﺧﺪﺷﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﻮده، ﻧﻔﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪن ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎرﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮف ﻋﻘﻼ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻋﺘﺒﺎري ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻋﺘﺒﺎري دﯾﮕﺮ راﺑﻄﻪ واﻗﻌﯽ و ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﻣﺮي ﻧﺪارد.

Failure to separate real from credit concepts is a jurisprudential challenge that sometimes causes wrong perceptions and undesirable practical consequences in the field of transactions. Since the matter contrary to the nature of the contract cannot be forged and is not stipulated in the contract, the binding nature of the rules governing the real concepts in credit is taken for granted; the approved laws are like jurisprudence. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize these concepts first; then jurisprudential inferences based on current principles in real concepts are analyzed and scientifically criticized. Considering the validity of most jurisprudential and legal concepts, some apparently certain propositions are vulnerable; their negation is the reason for obtaining results that are more compatible with common sense. The current research, which was carried out with the descriptive-analytical method and citing library sources, shows that no credit concept has a real and self-evident relationship with a real concept or with another credit concept.