پايش تغييرات سطح آب زيرزميني با استفاده از ماهواره GRACE و GLDAS در استان كرمانشاه

Monitoring of Groundwater Level Changes Using GRACE and GLDAS Satellites in Kermanshah Province

ﭘﺎﯾﺶ آﺑﻬﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ از دﯾﺮﺑﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ آب ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﯽ روﯾﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺧﺪادادي و ﻧﯿﺰ اﺣﺪاث ﭼﺎهﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺠﺎز و ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﺑﺎرﺷﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ آب در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از آﺑﺨﻮان ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﻮر ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. دﺷﺖﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب و ﺧﺎك ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰ از ﻗﻄﺒﻬﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺑﺎﻏﺪاري اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻨﺮو در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ دادهﻫﺎي ﭼﺎهﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺰوﻣﺘﺮي در دوره1397-1360 و دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره GRACE ﺑﺎ رزوﻟﻮﺷﻦ ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ در دوره 2002ﺗﺎ 2020ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي JPL,GFZوCSR ب راي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﻄﺢ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ آﺑﺨﻮان ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﮔﺮدﯾﺪ . ﻣﻘﺪار رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك، آب ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و آب ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ذوب ﺑﺮف ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهGLDAS ﺑﺎ وﺿﻮح ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺑﺮي ﮔﻮﮔﻞ ارث اﯾﻨﺠﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﻠﯿﻪ آﺑﺨﻮان ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي 1395و 1397ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﺮﯾﺠﯿﻨﮓ در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ARC GIS رﺳﻢﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻌﺪادي از آﺑﺨﻮان ﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ آﺑﺎد- ﺷﯿﺎن و ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﯽ و دﯾﻨﻪور در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. دادهﻫﺎي درازﻣﺪت ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ و ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺗﺮاز آب آﺑﺨﻮان ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي دﺷﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﯿﺴﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ داده ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك، ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ-ﺗﻌﺮق واﻗﻌﯽ، ﺑﺎرش ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره TERRAﮐﻪ داراي رزوﻟﻮﺷﻦ 0/04ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ 4 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ در 4 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ را در دﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ 2019ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﻄﺢ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ TWSﺑﺎ ﮐﺴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك، آب ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و آب ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ذوب ﺑﺮف در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪاﺗﯽ آﺑﺨﻮان رﺳﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ

Groundwater monitoring has long been considered as one of the main sources of agricultural water supply. . In this regard, indiscriminate harvesting of this God-given resource, as well as the construction of unauthorized wells and lack of rainfall have caused the water level to drop in many aquifers of the country. The plains of Kermanshah province with its good climate and fertile soil are the agricultural and horticultural hubs of Iran. Therefore, in this study, piezometric well data in the period 1360-1397 and GRACE satellite data with a resolution of one degree in the period 2002 to 2020 with JPL, GFZ and CSR methods were used to study the changes in groundwater levels of aquifers in Kermanshah province. The amount of soil moisture was extracted from Google Earth Engine cloud computing environment using GLDAS model with a resolution of one degree. Zoning maps of all aquifers in the province for the years 1395 and 1397 were drawn by kriging method in ARC GIS software. The results showed that a number of aquifers, including Hassanabad-Shian, Sanjabi and Dinehvar are in critical condition. Long-term monthly and annual water level data of aquifers for different plains according to their effective areas have also been calculated and displayed by Thissen method. The map of changes in soil moisture, actual evapotranspiration, and cumulative precipitation in Kermanshah province was extracted by TERRA satellite with a resolution of 0.04 degrees equivalent to 4 km by 4 km, which shows the changes in these parameters in December 2019. The values ​​of TWS groundwater level changes were plotted by subtracting soil moisture values ​​against the aquifer observational data and the changes in groundwater level decreasing trend in Kermanshah province indicate a decrease of -1.5 cm and -3.8 cm in the period 2002 to 2016 by GRACE satellite and observational values respectively While from 2016 to 2020, groundwater level changes have been increasing.