ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻧﺮود ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه

Determining the Important Stations and Physicochemical Parameters of Surface Water Quality Measurement in Gorgan- Rud Basin (Iran) Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آنﻫﺎﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺑﺮآورد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺳﻄﺤﯽ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻧﺮود واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. آﻣﺎر 19اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﭘﺎﯾﺶ در ﯾﮏ دوره زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 23ﺳﺎﻟﻪ )1375-1397( ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ 11ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ، ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت، ﮐﻠﺮ، ﺑﯽﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت، pH، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻣﻼح ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﻞ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ وﯾﮋه در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اول در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 95/47درﺻﺪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﮐﻞ دادهﻫﺎ را ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اول اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﯽآﺑﺎد، ﺷﯿﺮآﺑﺎد و ﻧﻮده ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﻢﺗﺮي در ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻧﺮود دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪادي از اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎ )از 19ﺑﻪ 16( و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ دادهﻫﺎ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارزش اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ آن ﻫﺎ اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ 97/98 درﺻﺪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اول ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﯿﺎن آنﻫﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﻞ )0/989( و ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ )0/987( داراي ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ در ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اول و pH)0/984( و ﺑﯽﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت )0/475( در ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ دوم در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮي دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﻣﯽﺗﻮان در اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺘﺮ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎديﺗﺮ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﻮد.

This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of surface water quality monitoring network and identify monitoring stations and water quality parameters, which are important in assessing annual variations of water quality in Gorgan-Rud Basin, Golestan Province. Cluster analysis (CA) was used to sort cases (monitoring points) into groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) techniques were applied for these objectives. In this study water quality data of nineteen water quality monitoring stations over a 23-year time period (1996-2018), were analysed. Principal component analysis has determined a reduced number of three principal components that explain over 95.47 % of the data set variance. Results indicated that three monitoring stations (Taghi-Abad, Shir-Abad, and Nodeh) were identified as less important in explaining the annual variance of the water quality parameters. Based on the coefficient of determination improvements of regression relations, concluded that removing of the less important stations (from 19 to 16) can help the cost effectiveness and meaningful data collection of the monitoring network in the study domain. In addition, results revealed more important water quality parameters. Results shows that total hardness and EC are most important parameters at first component and in the second component, pH and HCO3 are appropriate for assessing variations of water quality in the Gorgan-Rud Basin. The clustering procedure highlighted two different groups in which the sampling sites have similar characteristics.