شناسايي عوامل موثر بر تامين منابع درآمدي پايدار شهرداري اراك

Identifying the factors affecting the provision of sustainable revenue sources in Arak Municipality

افزايش جمعيت شهرها و گسترش پديده شهرنشيني در قرن بيست و يكم سبب گرديده است كه نه تنها شهرهاي موجود با گسترش فيزيكي و كالبدي مواجه شوند، بلكه تبديل و دگرگوني سكونت گاه هاي روستايي به شهري نيز مورد توجه قرار گيرند. هدف از اين پژوهش شناسايي عوامل موثر بر تامين منابع درآمدي پايدار شهرداري اراك بوده است. تحقيق از نظر روش، تلفيقي از روش هاي كيفي و كمي مي باشد. در مرحله اول، از روش كيفي و از نوع تحليل محتوا جهت جمع آوري اطلاعات از منابع مكتوب و الكترونيكي در حوزه تامين منابع درآمدي استفاده شده است و در مرحله دوم، جهت تعيين ابعاد و مولفه هاي موثر بر تامين منابع درآمدي پايدار شهرداري اراك از تكنيك دلفي استفاده گرديد. به منظور تعيين روايي از روايي محتواي سي و آر و جهت محاسبه پايايي از روش آلفاي كرونباخ استفاده گرديده است. در اين تحقيق به منظور شناسايي عوامل موثر جهت تامين منابع درآمدي پايدار شهرداري اراك از روش تحليل عاملي تاييدي و اكتشافي با نرم افزارهاي اس پي اس اس و ليزرل استفاده شده است. نتايج حاكي از آن بوده است كه كه مولفه هاي، عوارض عمومي، عوارض بر ارتباطات و حمل و نقل، كمك هاي مالي دولت، عوارض آلودگي محيط زيست، افزايش نرخ عوارض بر ارزش زمين و روابط مالي شهرداري و شهروندان) به عنوان مولفه هاي موثر در منابع درآمدي پايدار در شهرداري اراك بوده اند.

INTRODUCTION Municipalities as a public institution have a wide scope. Providing various services such as construction of urban infrastructure, provision of street lighting, construction of streets, public health services. In addition, combining the revenue sources of municipalities in order to provide the services mentioned, it seems necessary. Cities are managed through stable and unsustainable revenues. Since in Iran, the highest statistics of sustainable income, about 30% of total income. Therefore, one of the concerns in local government is to achieve sustainable incomes. Following the reduction of dependence of urban incomes on the government and due to the intensification of urban problems as a result of the growth of migration from rural and low-income areas to urban areas, the high volume of municipal services and municipalities relying on unsustainable incomes. By analyzing municipal revenues and expenditures, it is clear that municipalities are facing limitation of revenue sources. For these conditions, urban management must consider the need to increase and change the urban population and to create sustainable income for cities through strategic plans and strategies. MATERIALS an‎d METHODS Methode of present research is a mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative) which is conducted in the field and its strategy is the Delphi method. This research has been done in three stages: the first stage, content analysis of the research subject, the second stage, Delphi implementation in three rounds and the third stage, test implementation. In the first stage, most of the books, articles and resources available in print and electronic libraries in the field of research were analyzed. Data collection tools and data were receipts and notes that were used to record the components and indicators of municipal revenue sources. In the second step, the Delphi panel was selected using purposive sampling method. The Delphi panel in this study was the elected executive directors of the municipality (8 people) and the selected university professors (7 people) who were familiar with the category of revenue sources. Therefore, the statistical population of the Delphi method was selected in the form of scientific experts (faculty members in the field of public administration and municipal executives). The data collection ncome sources in Arak Municipality. One of the goals of sustainable urban development is to provide equitable living facilities for people in any community. Municipalities with sustainable incomes can take faster steps towards sustainable urban development. Sustainable incomes are the primary and main infrastructure in urban development. Earning income from sustainable sources over time strengthens the municipality and makes the municipality play a more active role in the urban environment and have a more appropriate system to respond to the needs of citizens in society and the urban environment. Therefore, achieving a sustainable financial model to meet the current and development costs of the city, is one of the most important factors of urban sustainability that provides the opportunity to invest in the infrastructure of urban development. Municipalities today, as local governments, are responsible for providing public services in cities, and central governments are moving toward reducing centralism and increasing governance efficiency by giving them more financial authority. The duty of the municipality, as a local organization, is responsible for the administration of city affairs and financial management of the city, which is responsible for it through the application of methods and mechanisms of economic development and the expansion of urban investment. Although in recent years the income of municipalities has increased significantly through the receipt of various taxes and various other sources; But in contrast, their costs have also increased. Therefore, balancing municipal costs is the main concern of managers and planners in urban affairs. Studies in developing countries have shown that 50% of sustainable municipal revenues are provided by leasing municipal shares from participatory projects; In addition, private and public sector investment in municipal and local government services has flourished in many cities. The use of private and public sector investment depends on the recognition of economic researchers and urban managers with the positive benefits obtained from investing in products related to urban services and participation in investment projects in the field of urban management. Therefore, in order to generate stable incomes, it is better to attract investors and boost the market business. Private sector participation in the implementation of metropolitan projects to create tourist and recreational places, cinemas, business-service units and hotels can help municipalities in urban development, while empowering municipalities to achieve urban development goals.