پديد آورندگان :
داوري زاده، ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس - ﮔﺮوه آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري، ﻧﻮر، اﯾﺮان , وﻓﺎﺧﻮاه، ﻣﻬﺪي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس - ﮔﺮوه آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري، ﻧﻮر، اﯾﺮان , ﻧﺠﻔﯽ، اﮐﺒﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس - ﮔﺮوه ﺟﻨﮕﻠﺪاري، ﻧﻮر، اﯾﺮان
چكيده فارسي :
ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻼن آب ﺣﻮﺿﻪ، ﮐﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي در آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب دارد رواﻧﺎب اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯿﺰان رواﻧﺎب ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ رواﻧﺎب ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ روش ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻌﯿﺎره ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ رواﻧﺎب در ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ اﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻨﺪي ﺷﯿﺐ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ )ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ(، ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك، ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺎرش روزاﻧﻪ و ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، وارد ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ )GIS( ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺮدازشﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ رﺳﺘﺮي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. درﮔﺎم ﺑﻌﺪي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ )AHP( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وزﻧﯽ ﻫﺮﻻﯾﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ و ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وزﻧﯽ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ )AHP( ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Expert Choice ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻓﻮقاﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ در ﻣﺪل اول ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻨﺪي ﺷﯿﺐ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﮔﺮوه ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك؛ در ﻣﺪل دوم ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ روزاﻧﻪ، ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ و ﮔﺮوه ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك و در ﻣﺪل ﺳﻮم ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺎك و ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس وزن ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ رواﻧﺎب ﺑﺮآوردي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺪلﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ رواﻧﺎب ﺑﺮآوردي ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ رواﻧﺎب ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪاﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎز ﺑﺎران ﮐﺎﻣﻔﻮرﺳﺖ در 60 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت 60 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و ﺑﻪﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد، ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪل دوم ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻧﺶ-ﺳﺎﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ 0/59 و رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺧﻄﺎ 0/363 ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دو ﻣﺪل دﯾﮕﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روش ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ، ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري در ﻗﻀﺎوتﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ رواﻧﺎب ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
One of the components of watershed water balance, which is very
important in watershed management and water resources management, is
runoff. Appropriate estimation of runoff value requires determining
Runoff Coefficient (RC). This study was conducted to evaluate the
effectiveness of multi-criteria decision-making methods in order to
estimate the RC in Amameh watershed, Iran. To do this, at first, slope
angle, land use/cover, hydrologic soil groups, maximum daily rainfall and
area of the study area layers was entered into geographic information
system (ArcGIS). After performing the necessary processing on the layers,
it were converted to raster formats based on the study area boundary. In
the next step, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) structure was
established based on the research purpose. The weighted index values for
each layer and their different classes were then determined based on the
weighted index of the AHP by Expert Choice software. Based on these
five criteria, three models were made. Therefore in model 1, slope angle,
vegetation (land use) and hydrologic soil groups; in model 2, maximum
daily rainfall, area of the study area and hydrologic soil groups and in
model 3, soil infiltration and area of the study area were used. The
estimated RCs were then estimated based on weight for each criteria in
each model. The estimated RC with the observed RC, which have been
measured using the Kamphorst rainfall simulator at 60 points in different
land uses with an intensity of 60 mm hr-1 for 90 min, were compared. The
obtained results showed that the second model with Nash-Sutcliffe
Efficiency (NSE) coefficient of 0.59 and root mean squares error (RMSE)
of 0.363 had a better efficiency than the other two models. In general, the
results showed that the AHP method due to its simplicity, the application
of qualitative and quantitative criteria simultaneously and the ability to
assess compatibility in judgments can be used in the study of RC.
