واكاوي سير تطوّر نظريّه انجبار در مكتب حلّه

Analysis of the Evolution of the Theory of al-Enjebar in the Helleh School

نظريه شيخ مفيد و سيدمرتضي در مواجهه با اخبار آحاد (عدم حجيت اخبار آحاد) به مرور زمان و با از دست رفتن قرائن، ناكارآمدي خود را براي سائر اعصار نشان داد و لذا علامه حلّي الگوي فكري جديد را ارائه داد و مبناي ارزيابي حديث را معيارهاي سندي قرار داد، اما ايشان و ديگر فقهاي از حلقه هاي متقدم مكتب حله نسبت به سيره عملي پيشينيان بي اعتنا نبودند و عمل فقهاي متقدم به يك روايت (شهرت عملي) را جبران كننده ضعف سند آن مي‌دانستند و اينگونه فقاهت اين طيف از آثار سوء سندگرايي در امان ماند. اما حلقه‌هاي واپسين مكتب حله (حلقه فكري محقق اردبيلي) با وضع قواعد سخت‌گيرانه در پذيرش سند روايات از يك‌سو و بى‌اعتنايى به اقوال و عمل مشهور از سوي ديگر، بسياري از رواياتي را كه پيشينيان در زمره صحاح مي‌گنجاندند را كنار گذاشتند و اينگونه سند را يگانه معيار ارزيابي روايت قرار دادند و اين عملكرد خود تبديل به يكي از مهمترين دلايل پيدايش جنبش اخباري‌گري و انزواي مكتب اجتهاد در اماميه شد. نگارندگان در اثر پيش رو اين سير تطور نظريه عالمان مكتب حله در مواجهه با نظريه انجبار را به تصوير كشيده اند و از طريق به تبيين چرايي پيدايش اخباري‌گري پرداخته‌اند.

The theory of Sheikh al-Mofid and Seyyed al-Mortaza about the criteria for accepting hadiths (the lack of authenticity of "al-Khabar al-Vahed") over time and with the loss of evidence of trust in the transmission of narrations, revealed its ineffectiveness to the later generations, and therefore Allameh al-Helli presented a new model an‎d he made the reliability of narrators a criterion for accepting hadith. But he and other jurists, from the first circle of the Helleh School, were not indifferent to the performance of their predecessors and they considered the action of past jurists on a hadith as compensating for the weakness of the chain of that hadith. In this way, the jurisprudence of this spectrum was spared from the evil effects of this theory (the evaluation of the transmitters as the only criterion for the acceptance of hadiths). However, the last circle of the Helleh school (thinking circle of Mohaghegh al-Ardabili) by setting strict rules in accepting the chain of hadiths (on the one hand) and ignoring the performance of past jurists (on the other hand), many hadiths that were accepted by the predecessors knew, they left it and made this evaluation of the narrators of hadith the only criterion for its acceptance. This performance became one of the most important reasons for the emergence of the al-Akhbari school and the isolation of the al-Ijtahad school in the Imamiyyah. In this article, the authors have explained the evolution of the theory of the scholars of the Helleh School in accepting the theory of al-Enjibar and explained its role in the emergence of the school of al-Akhbari.