مقايسه تطبيقي منزلت مشمولين سربازي در قوانين ايران و چين

Comparative comparison of the dignity of conscripts in the laws of Iran and China

ﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫـﺪف : ﺑﺤـﺚ ﻏﯿﺒـﺖ ﻣﺸـﻤﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزي از ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻋﺎﺗﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ﮐﺸـﻮر اﯾـﺮان داراي ﺳــﺎﺑﻘﻪ اي ﻃــﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣــﺪت اﺳــﺖ و اﻣــﺮي ﺟﺪﯾــﺪ ﺗﻠﻘــﯽ ﻧﻤــﯽ ﺷــﻮد. ﺑــﺎاﯾﻦ ﺣــﺎل، در ﺳــﺎﻟﯿﺎن اﺧﯿــﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدي ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺑﺤـﺚ اﺷـﺘﻐﺎل و ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻣﺸـﻤﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزي ﺑـﻪﮐﺴﺐ درآﻣﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﺳـﭙﺮي ﮐـﺮدن ﺧـﺪﻣﺖ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزي ﺑـﺮاي اﯾـﻦ اﻓـﺮاد ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﯾـﮏﭼﺎﻟﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ و ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﺷﻮد. روش: ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﯾــﮏ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐــﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﯿﻮه ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘــﯽ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻒ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫـ ﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ اﺻـﻠﯽ درراﺳـﺘﺎي ﺑـﺎﻻﺑﺮدن ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﺖ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزان اﻗـﺪام ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻗــﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺳﺮﺑﺎزي ﮐﺸﻮر ﭼﯿﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫــﺎ: ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﻣﺼــﺎدﯾﻖ ﻣﻨﺰﻟــﺖ ﺳــﺮﺑﺎزان در ﻗــﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﯾــﺮان و ﭼــﯿﻦ ﺑﯿــﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮔﺬار ﭼﯿﻨﯽ ﯾﮏ روﯾﮑـﺮد ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺎﻧﺒـﻪ را درﺧﺼـﻮص ﺑﺤـﺚ اﻋﻄـ ﺎي ﻣﺰاﯾـﺎ و اﻣﺘﯿـ ﺎزات ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزان داﺷـﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺸـﻤﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزي در ﭼـﯿﻦ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ اﻋﻤـﺎل اﺳـﺖ ﺑﻠﮑـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫـ ﺎي اﯾـﻦ اﺷﺨﺎص ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺴﺮي ﭘﯿﺪا ﻧﻤﻮده و آﻧﺎن را ﻧﯿﺰ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺰاﯾـﺎ ﺑﻬـﺮه ﻣﻨـﺪ ﻣـﯽ ﺳـﺎزد، درﺣـﺎﻟﯽ ﮐـﻪ در ﻗـﻮاﻧﯿﻦ داﺧﻠـﯽ اﯾﺮان و در رأس آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺧﺪﻣﺖ وﻇﯿﻔـﻪ ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﯽ ﻣـﻮاردي ﮐـﻪ درراﺳـﺘﺎي ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﺖ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزان اﺳـﺖ ، ﺗﻨﻬـ ﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ زﻣﺎن ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزي اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ ﮔﯿــﺮي: ﺑﺮاﺳــﺎس ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﺑــﻪ دﺳــﺖ آﻣــﺪه از اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ، درراﺳــﺘﺎي ﺗﺮﻏﯿــﺐ ﻣﺸــﻤﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺑــﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزي در اﯾﺮان ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺸـﻮر ﭼـﯿﻦ ﻣـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﯾـﮏ اﻟﮕـﻮي راﻫﮕﺸـﺎ ﺑـﺮاي ﻗـﺎﻧﻮنﮔـﺬار اﯾﺮاﻧـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﺑــﺎاﯾﻦ ﺣــﺎل، در اﯾــﺮان ﻧﻈﺮﯾــﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔــﯽ درﺧﺼــﻮص ﻣﺼــﺎدﯾﻖ ﻣﻨﺰﻟــﺖ و اراﺋــﻪ اﻣﺘﯿــﺎزت ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﺮﺑﺎزان وﺟــﻮد دارد ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﻋــﺪم دﺳــﺖ ﯾــﺎﺑﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﯾــﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﻣﺸــﺘﺮك اﺟﺮاﯾــﯽ ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ . ازاﯾﻦ رو، ﺗﺸـﮑﯿﻞ ﯾـﮏ ﮐـﺎرﮔﺮوه ﺗﺨﺼﺼـﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﻫﻤﮑـﺎري ﻣﺘﻮﻟﯿـﺎن اﻣـﺮ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزيﻣـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ اﻣـﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮔﺬاري در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ را ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

Background and Aim: The issue of absenteeism of military service is one of the issues that has a long history in Iran and is not considered as a new issue. However, in recent years, a number of social and economic factors, such as the employment debate and the attention of conscripts to earning money, have led to military service for these individuals as a major challenge and a factor in stopping the acquisition of financial benefits. Method: The present study is an applied descriptive-comparative research that describes the main variables and factors in order to increase the status of soldiers and analyzes the existing laws and regulations in this field and the military law of China. Findings: An analysis of the dignity of soldiers in Iranian and Chinese law indicates that the Chinese legislature has taken a multifaceted approach to the issue of granting benefits and privileges to soldiers, which is applicable not only to all conscripts in China but also to their families to Find and benefit them as well, while in the domestic laws of Iran, and above all the law of public service, the cases that are in line with the dignity of soldiers, are reserved only for the soldiers themselves and are limited to military service. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, in order to persuade conscripts in Iran, the experience of China can be a model for the Iranian legislature. However, in Iran, there are various theories about the status of dignity and the provision of privileges to soldiers, which has led to the failure to achieve a joint executive plan. Therefore, the formation of a specialized working group with the cooperation of those in charge of military service can facilitate legislation in this area.