سياست خارجي روسيه درقبال كشورهاي دريافت كنندهي كمك در بحران كوويد- 19 ؛ فرصتها و چالشها

Russia's foreign policy towards countries receiving aid in the Covid-19 crisis; Opportunities and Challenges

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ِ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪي ﺷﯿﻮع ِ وﯾﺮوس ِﮐﺮوﻧﺎ )ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ- 19(، روﯾﮑﺮد ِ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻧﺤﻮهي ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان ِ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه اﯾﻨﮑﻪ در ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪي آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ِ اﯾﻦ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﭼﻪ ﺑﺴﺎ اﻫﺪاف ِ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺎن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻏﻤﺎض ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﺳﯿﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪي ﻣﻮردي ِﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ از ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ِ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ روﺳﯿﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ﺎ ًﺑﺮ اﺣﯿﺎي ﭼﻬﺮهي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﯾﺮوس ِ ﻫﻤﻪﮔﯿﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي درﮔﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﻮال اﺻﻠﯽ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ وﯾﺮوس ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ روﺳﯿﻪ در ﻗﺒﺎل ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﮐﻤﮏ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎور ﺑﺮﺧﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ روﺳﯿﻪ در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان ﭼﻨﺪان ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﺒﻮده و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي ِ اﻫﺪاف ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﺪرت ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪي روﺳﯿﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺪرت ﻧﺮم و درﺟﻬﺖ ِ ﺟﺬب و ﺟﻠﺐ اذﻫﺎن ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ِ درﮐﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب از روﺳﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺸﻮري ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪ و اﺛﺮﮔﺬار در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻤﮏﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ روﺳﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ واﮐﺴﻦ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺪرت ﻧﺮم روﺳﯿﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ و وﺟﻬﻪ ي ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ آن ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﯾﺎﺑﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﯿﮋ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي و ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ دﺳﺖ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﻨﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ.

Given the threat posed to the international community by the outbreak of the coronavirus (Covid-19), the approach of some countries and how they have dealt with this global crisis is remarkable. In particular, the role of national interests and perhaps their global goals in their smart policies in such critical situations is not negligible. During this crisis, the study of Russia is a good case study. Although Russia, like other countries, is affected by the consequences of this global crisis, but because Russia has focused primarily on reviving its global image through public diplomacy, its role in countering the coronavirus is also different from that of most of the countries involved. The main question in the present study is that what effect the corona epidemic has had on Russia's foreign policy towards countries receiving aid. Although some believe that Russia's foreign policy has not been very successful in dealing with this crisis and has been more in line with its goals by using smart power, but the present study shows that these contradictory but intelligent actions of Russia relying on soft power and in order to attract the public mind towards the desired understanding of Russia as a powerful and influential country around the world. The results show that Russia's financial and health assistance to other countries in the fight against Corona, as well as the production of vaccines has increased Russia's soft power and its international face emerged and gained a regional and global prestige. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical.