واﮐﺎوي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺗﺮاﻣﭗ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖﻧﺎﻣﻬﯽ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن در ﺳﺎل 2020

Analysis of Trump's foreign policy towards Afghanistan with emphasis on the 2020 peace agreement with the Taliban

ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪرت رﺳﯿﺪن دوﻧﺎﻟﺪ ﺗﺮاﻣﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان رﺋﯿﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮر آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ، ﺑﺤﺮان اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﻪ از ﺳﺎل 2001 ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ واﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﻓﮑﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ، وارد ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪي ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﮑﺘﻪي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ، ﭘﺬﯾﺮش رﺳﻤﯽ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان واﻗﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪي ﻗﺪرت در اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ را در ﻣﺪار روﯾﮑﺮد ﺻﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﭘﺎﯾﺎن دادن ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ در اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪي ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ در ﺻﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ – ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال اﺻﻠﯽ را ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺗﺮاﻣﭗ در ﺻﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮاﻣﭗ در اﻧﻌﻘﺎد ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن از روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻮاﻧﺰواﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ وﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖﻣﺤﻮر را اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب، آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ در دورهي ﺗﺮاﻣﭗ ﺳﻌﯽ ﮐﺮد ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ، در اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﺣﻀﻮر داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺤﺮان در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر را ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻠﺢ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ و ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي دوﻟﺖ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ.

With the coming to power of Donald Trump as President of the United States, the Afghanistan crisis, which has overshadowed Washington's foreign policy since 2001, entered a new phase. The noteworthy point at this stage is the official acceptance of the Taliban as a political and field reality in the field of power in Afghanistan, which has put the United States in the orbit of a peace approach with the Taliban and subsequently ending the war in Afghanistan. The main purpose of this article is to examine US foreign policy in peace with the Taliban. Based on this, using descriptive-analytical method and library resources, it raises the main question of how Trump's foreign policy in peace with the Taliban is explained and what are the most important factors influencing it? The findings show that Trump used a neo-separatist approach in concluding a peace agreement with the Taliban, which is a selective internationalism that offers a utilitarian foreign policy. In this context, the United States during the Trump era tried to be present in Afghanistan at the lowest possible cost and manage the crisis in this country. The most important factors influencing the peace between the United States and the Taliban can be examined in two levels: changes in US policies and the field situation and policies of the Afghan government.