ساختار نظام سياسي چين: رويكردي نهادي به زمينه تصميم سازي

China Political System Structure and Institutional Context of Decision-Making: An Approach from Inward

ﯾﮑﯽ از زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻐﻔﻮل در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ در داﻧﺶ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﺎت ﻧﻬﺎدي آنﻫﺎﺳﺖ. از زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻇﻬﻮر ﭼﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻗﺪرت ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪه ﺗﻼشﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه و آﯾﻨﺪه ﭼﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ و راﺑﻄﻪ دوﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي و ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دادن رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻧﻬﺎدي ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﭼﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻨﯽ و درك ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻧﻬﺎدي در ﺟﻤﻬﻮري ﺧﻠﻖ ﭼﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﻧﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﻮل آنﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري ﺧﻠﻖ ﭼﯿﻦ در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻮع رﻓﺘﺎر داﺧﻠﯽ و واﺷﮑﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﺴﻞﻫﺎي رﻫﺒﺮي و ﺟﻨﺎحﻫﺎي درون ﺣﺰﺑﯽ ﻣﻮﯾﺪ ﻧﻮع ﻧﮕﺮش ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﭼﯿﻦ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎدي ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﺳﺎزي در ﭼﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي رﻓﺘﺎري اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر را در داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرتاﻧﺪ از: ارﺟﺤﯿﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي ﺣﺰب و ﻗﺪرت آن، ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﮐﺮاتﻫﺎ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺖ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ از اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي.

One of the most neglected streams in International Relations discipline is to evaluate of political systems structures and their institutional categories. Structure of political systems is very important because of its role in understand of countries behavioral patterns. Since the discussions about china rise in international system is declared, most researches and endeavors to description and explanation of the event and china future are concentrated on impacts of international system structure and the state relations with regional and global sphere. Since the discussions about china rise in international system is declared, most researches and endeavors to description and explanation of the event and china future are concentrated on impacts of international system structure and the state relations with regional and global sphere. This article with rely on descriptive-explanative method and refer to role of political system and institutional developments in peoples Republics of China is seek to evaluation of trend that their changes demonstrates how china internal and international behavior are transformed in last decades? The results of the article shows decision-making institutional dynamics in china has produced some indicators that influenced china both internal and external behavioral patterns and have approximated it to pragmatism. This indicators are included: preference of expertism in compare to obligation, the party and its power priority, decrease of The military power and influence, and in contrast, promotion of technocrats role and importance of efficacy as legitimacy of political system.