ترجمان بصري استعارۀ «ني» در نگاره‌هاي ليلي‌ و مجنون

Visual Expresiion of Metaphor of ‘Reed’ (Ney) in Leili and Majnoon's Miniatures

ﻋﺮﻓﺎ از اﺳﺘﻌﺎر ۀ »ﻧﯽ« ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﺠﺮان اﻧﺴﺎن از اﺻـﻞ ﺧـﻮﯾﺶ و ﻃـﺮح ﻣﺴـﺌﻠﮥ ﻋﺸـﻖ ﻣﺠـﺎزي و ﺣﻘﯿﻘـﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮ ده اﻧـﺪ. ﯾﮑـﯽ از اﺑﺪاﻋﺎت ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮان، ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﻌﺎرۀ ﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭼﻮﭘﺎن ﻧﯽ ﻧﻮاز ﺑﺎ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺠﻨﻮن اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﺘﻌﺎر ۀ »ﻧـﯽ« در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ »ﭼﻮﭘـﺎن ﻧﯽ ﻧﻮاز« ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺬﮐﺮ ﺑﺮاي دﻋﻮت ﺑﻪ روز اﻟﺴﺖ و ﻣﺒﺪأ وﺟﻮد اﻧﺴـﺎن ﺑـﻪ اﯾـﻦ دﻟﯿـﻞ ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒـﺎن را از وراي ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ داﺳـﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮاي ﻋﻬﺪ اﻟﺴﺖ و ﻋﺸﻖ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺳﯿﺮ از وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ. ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮ ان ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻌﯽ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﺑﺼﺮي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ داﺷﺘﻪ و از اﯾﻦ رو ﻣﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﻌﺎرۀ ﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭼﻮﭘﺎن ﻧﯽ ﻧﻮاز و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺎ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﯿﻠـﯽ و ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮي اﯾﺮان و ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﺗﺼـﻮﯾﺮي در ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮۀ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ و ﺷـﯿﻮۀ ﮔـﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ـ اﺳـﻨﺎدي ﺑـﻮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﮕﺎره ﻫﺎي ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺐ ﻫﺮات و ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن آن ﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭼﻬﺎر ﻧﮕﺎره ﺑﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻨﯽ از داﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮥ آﻣﺎري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ: ﻧﯽ در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺮﻓـﺎﻧﯽ، اﺳـﺘﻌﺎره از ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي اﺳﺘﻌﺎرۀ ﻧﯽ در ﻧﮕﺎره ﻫﺎي ﻟﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮان از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﺑﺼﺮي ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻟﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺠﻨﻮن و ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿـﺮي از اﺳـﺘﻌﺎرۀ ﻧـﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﭼﻮﭘـﺎن ﻧﯽ ﻧـﻮاز، ﻣﺼـﺎدﯾﻘﯽ ﻫﻤﭽـﻮن ﻣﻘـﺎم ﻋﺸـﻖ، ﻋﺎﺷـﻖ، ﻣﻌﺸﻮق، ﻓﻨﺎ، ﺑﻘﺎ و... را در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﺷﮑﺎل، رﻧﮓ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي، ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺠﺴﻤﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪه اﻧﺪ.

Iranian mystics have used the metaphor of ‘Reed’ (Ney) to express the story of human distance and humiliation from his/her origin. The story of Leili and Majnoon seems to have highlighted this meaning more than any other stories. Persian miniaturists have also tried to realize these themes by recognizing mystical principles. One of these innovations has been the realization of metaphor of the reed in form of a shepherd as piper in the story of Leili and Majnoon. The use of this metaphor, as a reminder to man of the day of genesis, is for moving beyond the surface of a love story. The purpose of this article is to identify the connection between mystical concepts and Persian miniatures as well as to show a new visual identity in miniatures to express mystical themes visually. The method of collecting information was library-documentary. In this article, the miniatures of schools of Herat and Second Tabriz are considered, among which four miniatures with similar themes to the story of Leili and Majnoon have been selected as statistical samples. Deploying an analytical-descriptive method, this research has sought to answer the following questions: What are the mystical meanings of reed (Ney) in Rumi's Ney-Namey? How is the visual expression of metaphor of reed(Ney) in Leili and Majnoon's miniatures? Findings have shown that miniaturists by means of a visual expression of various scenes of Leili and Majnoon and through use of metaphor of ‘a shepherd as piper’ has given expressions to themes such as the status of love, lover, beloved, survival, destruction, and so on through frameworks of shapes, colors and composition.