كليدواژه :
ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ , ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊِ ﺧﻼق , آﯾﻨﺪه ﭘﮋوﻫﯽ , ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
از اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﻤﺪن ﺑﺸﺮي، ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺗﺪاوم ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﯾﺴﺖِ ﺑﺸﺮ در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ اﻧﺴـﺎن ﺑـﻮده و ﺗـﺎ ﺑـﻪ اﻣﺮوز ﻧﯿﺰ ﺣﻀﻮر آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻏﻨﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺗﻤﺪن ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳـﺖ. ﺻـﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳـﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ در ﻫـﺮ دوراﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﺧﻮر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﺎدي و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ، ﭘﺎﺳﺨﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯽ دﻫـﺪ. ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ و ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺧﻼق و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. از ﺳـﻮي دﯾﮕـﺮ ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻓﻨـﯽ و ﮔﺴـﺘﺮدﮔﯽ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ آن ﺗﻌﺎرﯾﻒِ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد )و ﮔﺎه ﻣﺒﻬﻤﯽ( ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳﺘﯽ اراﺋﻪ داده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫـﺎي آﯾﻨـﺪه ﭘﮋوﻫـﯽ، ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺎرﯾﻒ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽِ روزآﻣﺪ ﺑﻮدن اﯾﻦ ﻫﻨﺮ- ﺻﻨﻌﺖ)ﺟﻨﺒﮥ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻮدن( و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آن در اﯾﺠـﺎد ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﮥ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪار ﻧﭙﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ اﻧـﺪ. ﻟـﺬا در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد آﯾﻨﺪه ﭘﮋوﻫﯽِ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ، ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ﭘﯿﺸﺮان ﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻧﯿـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﮥ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪار، ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔـﯽ ﻋﻠﻤـﯽ، ﻧﻮﯾﻦ و راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺣﻔﻆ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳـﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻـﺮ اراﺋـﻪ ﺷـﻮد. در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ، ﮔـﺮدآوري داده ﻫـﺎ، ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت اﺳـﻨﺎدي و ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي در ﮐﻨﺎرِ روش ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ )دﻟﻔﯽ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ( اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ وﺟﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌـﺎرﯾﻒ ﺳـﻨﺘﯽ، در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار آن ﺑﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺧﻼق اﺳﺖ. در دﻧﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺬر زﻣﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪ ي اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ارزش آن درك ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷـﻮد، در اﺧﺘﯿـﺎر ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ و ﺧﻠـﻖ زﻣﺎن، ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎﯾﯽ آﯾﻨﺪه ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻪ، ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ را ﺑﻪ راﻫﮑﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺪل ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨـﺪ. ﺑـﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ را ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﻞ اﻣﺮوز و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﻓﺮدا اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﯾـﻒ ﮐـﺮد: ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳـﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳـﺨﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳـﺘﻪ از ﻧﯿـﺎز ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐِ اﺧﻼق و ﻣﻬﺎرتِ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻠﯽ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖِ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻮم ﻣﯽ اﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
From the beginning of the formation of human civilization, handicrafts, as the most vital possibility for the preservation and continuation of human living conditions, have been at the service of human beings. To this day, their presence has served as an opportunity to explain the identity and culture of all civilizations. Handicrafts also adopt a new approach in each period in accordance with the changing living conditions and the needs of society. Meanwhile, such an approach is affected by the response it should show to the material and spiritual needs of the audience. The combination of these features, on the one hand, has made handicrafts as efficient and effective examples in the field of creative and cultural industries. On the other hand, their technical diversity and climatic extent have provided numerous (and sometimes ambiguous) definitions for handicrafts. In the meantime and according to the concepts and components of future research, none of these definitions seem to have addressed the nature of this art industry (contemporary aspect) and its impact on sustainable development. Therefore, in this fundamental research, with the approach of exploratory futures research, an attempt is made to provide a scientific, modern, and strategic definition for saving the position of contemporary handicrafts by reviewing conceptual impulses. In this way, data collected through studying the documents and library resources alongside the field method (that is, in-depth interview).
The result of this research has shown that the difference between contemporary definition of handicrafts and the traditional one is based on the significant relationship they have with creative industries. In a world where the passage of time is so fast that its value cannot be understood, the control and creation of time is a gift that turns contemporary handicrafts into a solution for cultural and economic development by designing futuristic scenarios. In this case, today's generation, viewing the support devoted to the rich culture and to the value of their traditions, will be able to shape the sustainable development of this art and turn this part of the creative industry into an identity worthy of the future.
