واكاوي نظام بانكداري اسلامي اجتماعي - با مطالعه موردي بانك سپه و بانك انصار

Analysis of Islamic-social Banking System with a Case Study of Sepah Bank and Ansar Bank

ﺑﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزار ﭘﻮل ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ اﻧﮑﺎرﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ در ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎي اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﻈﯿـﺮ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺣﻔﻆ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ، ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺲ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮه داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳـﻌ ﯽ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺎﻧﮑﺪاري در اﯾﺮان ﺗﺎ ﭼـﻪ ﺣـﺪي ﺑـﺎ اﺻـﻮل ﺑﺎﻧﮑـﺪاري اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ - اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ )QBLP( ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺪ در ﮐﻤﺮﻧﮓﺷـﺪن ﻓﻘـﺮ، ﺗﺒﻌﯿﻀـﺎت ﻗـﻮﻣﯽ، ﺟﻨﺴـﯿﺘﯽ و دﻏﺪﻏﻪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﺟﺮاي ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي آن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. دادهﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺘﻮن، ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات و اﺳﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺳـﭙﻪ و ﺑﺎﻧﮏ اﻧﺼﺎر ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ درﺻـﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧـﯽ ﭼﻬـﺎر ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺪل QBLP ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﮏ اﻧﺼﺎر ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﯾﻌﺖ 55 درﺻﺪ، زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ 44 درﺻـﺪ، ﻣـﺮدم 88 درﺻﺪ و ﺳﻮددﻫﯽ85 درﺻﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ درﺻـﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧـﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺪل QBLP ﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ ﻧـﻮع ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖ در اﺳﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺳﭙﻪ، ﺷﺮﯾﻌﺖ 54 درﺻﺪ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ 22 درﺻﺪ، ﻣﺮدم 81 درﺻﺪ و ﺳـﻮددﻫﯽ 81 درﺻـﺪ اﺳـﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻧﮑﺪاري ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، اﺻﻮل ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﮑﺪاري اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ - اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ رﻋﺎﯾـﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺧﻸﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺎﻧﮑﺪاري اﯾﺮان از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺟﻮاﻣـﻊ ﻣﺴـﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﻔـﻊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد وﻟﯽ آنﭼﻨﺎنﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻏﺪﻏﻪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﻤﯽدﻫﺪ.

Banks as money market institutions can play an undeniable role in economic and social categories such as urban development, participation in environmental protection, establishment of medical centers, etc.The present study sought to show to what extent the banking system in Iran is in line with the principles of Islamic-Social Banking (QBLP) and also to what extent the existing system in reducing poverty, ethnic discrimination, gender and concerns. Environment and the implementation of Islamic law has played a role.In this research, a qualitative method has been used and its strategy has been content analysis. The research data has been collected and summarized based on the texts, documents and articles of association of Sepah Bank and the former Ansar Bank.The results showed that the frequency percentage of the four factors of QBLP model based on the coding of the activities of the former Ansar Bank is prophet factor 51%, environment 44%, people 88% and profit 81%. Also, the percentage of frequency of QBLP model factors according to the type of activity in Sepah Bank's articles of association, prophetis 45%, environment is 22%, people are 81% and profit is 81%.The overall results of the study showed that the existing banking system adheres to the four principles of Islamic-social banking, so the gaps in the Iranian banking system are eliminated and the development needs of Muslim communities are met, but environmental concerns are not taken into account as they should be.