درك و تفسير كار از منظر كارگران كُرد مقيم يزد (با رويكرد نظريهٔ زمينه‌اي)

Understanding and interpreting of work from the perspective of Kurdish workers living in Yazd (Based on grounded theory)

صرف‌نظر از نوع كار، درك و تفسير از كار و ذهنيتي كه پيرامون اين سازهٔ اجتماعي شكل مي‌گيرد، در ايجاد و تقويت انگيزش به كار مؤثر است و كنش افراد و كارايي آن‌ها را تحت تأثير قرار مي‌دهد. هدف اين پژوهش، درك و تفسير كار از نگاه كارگران كُرد مقيم شهر يزد است. بدين‌منظور پس از مصاحبه با 30 نفر از كارگران و رسيدن به غناي نظري و پياده‌سازي متن مصاحبه‌ها، مقولات مهم با استفاده از نظريهٔ داده‌بنياد استخراج گرديده و پس از تفسير مقولات، يك الگوي پارادايمي ارائه شده است. يافته‌ها حاكي از دسته‌بندي مشاركت‌كنندگان در دو طيف است؛ برخي از آنان مبتني بر يك نگرش مثبت، كار را عرصۀ عامليت انسان و امري نشاط‌آور قلمداد مي‌كنند و مي‌كوشند در مواجهه با برخي محدوديت‌هاي ساختاري، راهكارهايي همچون پذيرش موقعيت جديد و تغيير ذهنيت را اتخاذ كنند؛ اما نزد آنان كه نگرشي منفي دارند، كار تحليل‌برندهٔ خلاقيت و هويت آدمي و قرين با جبر اجتماعي است و انسان را دچار ازخودبيگانگي و عامليت انسان را محدود مي‌كند. به همين دليل آنان كار را كسالت‌آور قلمداد و از هر فرصتي براي زير پا گذاشتن تعهد در كار استفاده مي‌كنند. اين نوع نگاه‌ها در سطحي كلي‌تر و كلان‌تر، با شكل‌دادن به فرهنگ كار در جامعه به منصهٔ ظهور مي‌رسند، البته اين رابطه يك‌طرفه نيست و فرهنگ كار هر جامعه‌اي هم مي‌تواند شكل‌دهندهٔ نوع نگاه افراد به كار باشد.

Regardless of the type of work; Looking at work, understanding and interpreting it, and the mindset that is formed around this social construction, is somehow effective in creating, promoting and developing motivations and tendencies to work, and affects people's actions and consequently their efficiency. The purpose of this research is to understand and interpret of work from the perspective of Kurdish workers living in Yazd. For this purpose, after interviewing 30 workers and reaching theoretical richness, the text of the interviews was implemented and important categories were extracted by using the grounded theory, and after interpreting the categories, a paradigm model was presented. The findings indicate the classification of the participants in two dominant spectrums: This means that some of them looked at the issue of working with a positive view, for them, work was the manifestation of agency, also, this group of people considered work to be exciting and tried to be loyal to their work as much as possible, and despite some structural limitations, solutions such as accepting a new position and changing their mentality have been their tactics to overcome challenges. But on the other side of the spectrum and with the predominance of negative views, work has been introduced as the destroyer of human creativity and identity, and also it has been represented in connection with social determinism. In fact, according to the statements of the latter category, work is a place where agency is limited and man suffers from self-alienation; That's why these people consider work boring and use every opportunity to violate their commitment at work. These two types of views on work at a more general and macro level shape the work culture and come to the fore in the society, of course, this relationship is not one-way and the work culture of any society can shape the way people's look at work.