پديد آورندگان :
سوزن كار، مرجانه د انشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم و تحقيقات - د انشكد ه حقوق، الهيات و علوم سياسي - گروه فلسفه هنر، تهران، ايران , ريخته گران، محمدرضا دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده ادبيات و علوم انساني - گروه فلسفه، تهران، ايران , مصطفوي، شمس الملوك دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تهران شمال - دانشكده ادبيات و علوم انساني - گروه فلسفه، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
گشتل , پوئسيس , هنر و صنعت , تقدير انكشاف , سوگرد اني (چرخش)
چكيده فارسي :
هيد گر د ر رساله پرسش از تكنيك ضمن صحيح د انستن تعريف هاي موجود شناسانه از صنعت يعني صنعت به مثابه مجموعه ابزارآلات و وسايل يا فعاليت هد فمند انساني، معتقد است اين تعريف ها به هيچ وجه ذات يا حقيقت صنعت را به د يد نمي آورند . د ر نگاهي وجود شناسانه، وي صنعت را - به مانند هنر - نحوي انكشاف وجود به واسطه آد مي مي د اند و عقيد ه د ارد برخلاف هنر كه انكشافي به نحو پوئسيس يعني تحقق حقيقت وجود د ر موجود ات است، صنعت انكشافي به نحو گشتل يعني ظاهرشد ن موجود ات به عنوان منابع قابل بهره برد اري است. هيد گر د ر اين رساله گشتل را تقد ير انكشاف د ر عصر كنوني د انسته و مخاطرات آن را براي زمانه ما برشمرد ه است. اما د رعين حال بين سرنوشت و تقد ير تفاوت قائل شد ه و بر اين باور است كه چنان چه بشر امروز خطر گشتل را - كه بيش از همه متوجه سرشت انساني اش است - به عمق جان د ريابد ، سوگرد ان خواهد شد . به عقيد ه وي با سوگرد اني يا چرخش به سوي وجود ، نسبت آد مي با وجود - از بعُ د به قُرب - تغيير خواهد كرد و امكان تغيير تقد ير زمانه - از گشتل به پوئسيس - و د ر نتيجه امكان نجات از خطر گشتل د ر عصر جد يد ميسّ ر خواهد شد.
چكيده لاتين :
In The Question Concerning Technology, Heidegger
considers the Ontical definitions of Technic - Technic as
instrrument or human activity - correct. But He believes
such definitions do not reveal the essence of Technic. With
an Ontological attitude, He views the Technic as a kind of
revealing of Being , like the Art. However He believes Unlike
Art - that is a Poetical revealing-, Technic is a Gestell - Type
revealing. In this Treatis, Heidegger considers Gestell as
destining of revealing in our age and describes it’s danger
to us. Heidegger considers the most important danger
of Gestell to be The absolutism of revealing of Being by
human as a result of that The original and fundamental way
of revealing, Poiesis, has been forgotten and even revealing
itself has become impossible. In such a situation, man also
understands his essence only as a subject of domination and
he does not remember his true dignity, which is the refuge
of Being in beings Thus Heidegger considers the most
serious danger of Gestell to be the damage to the originality
of Dasein, which is the refuge of Being in beings and he
believes that Poiesis, or in other words, the essence of art
in our time can not be realized . According to Heidegger,
the human race of our time has two ways forward in the
face of such a situation. or surrender to what is destined
to the status quo; Or, by reflecting on the essence of what
is dangerous to him, finds a way out of this situation.
It can be said that Heidegger make a difference between
fate and destiny. He believes if the man of our age find out
danger of Gestell - which has caused the most damage to
its human essence - he will turn toward Beinh. Reflecting
on the essence of Technic will lead one to go beyond the
Ontical view of Technic, that is, to understand Technic as
an efficient human product and see it as it really is. That
is, to understand Technic as a form of revealing. In this
case, by transcending the beings and being in the openness
of Being, - which Heidegger refers to as Turning -, Man's
relation to Being will change - from farness to nearness
and destining of revealing - from Gestell to Poiesis - will
change and consequently way out of Gestell’s danger will
be possible. In the sense that Being will be able to emerge
in a way other than Gestell. In fact, as a person turns around
and settles in Being, his way of being will change - from a
domineering presence to a poetic presence and the original
form of revealing, Poesis, will be possible. In other words, it
can be said that by Turning, a person connects with his true
self and his way of being will change from inauthenticity to
authenticity. In such a case, Gestell will not rule as the only
way to revealing and so - despite the presence - will not be
dangerous to humans
