پديد آورندگان :
پورداود، حميد دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده ادبيات و علوم انساني - گروه باستان شناسي، تهران، ايران , كريميان، حسن دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده ادبيات و علوم انساني - گروه باستان شناسي، تهران، ايران , شهبازي تبار، زهرا دانشگاه شهركرد - دانشكده ادبيات و علوم انساني - گروه باستانشناسي، شهركرد، ايران
كليدواژه :
كتيبه نگاري , سنگ قبر سلجوقي , كتيبة سنگ قبر سلجوقي , موزۀ گُردۀ ميمه اصفهان
چكيده فارسي :
در بسياري از آثار سرزمين هاي اسلامي هنرمندان به استفاده از آيات و احاديث اقدام كرده اند در برخي از اين آثار مانند سنگ قبرها نوشتن آيات و احاديث به واسطة بعُ د معنوي اثر از اهميت خاصي برخوردار بوده است. به قطع مشخص نيست كه از چه زماني استفاده از اشعار نيز به مانند آيات و احاديث براي تزئين بر روي سنگ قبرها ظاهر شده است. تا پيش از پژوهش حاضر كه بر روي سنگ قبرهاي موزه ميمه صورت گرفته نشانه اي از استفاده از اشعار در جهت كتيبه نگاري سنگ قبرها در عصر سلجوقي (قرن ششم) در دست نبود يا منتشر نشده است. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا با روش توصيفي در گام اول به معرفي اين آثار بپردازد و سپس با تكيه بر روش مطالعة تطبيقي به مقايسه اين دو سنگ قبر با آثار مشابه سلجوقي بپردازد تا از ره آورد اين موضوع بتوان درك درست تري نسبت به اسلوب هنري و احتمالاً خاستگاه آثار مورد معرفي به دست آورد. سؤالات پژوهش حاضر را مي توان اين گونه بيان داشت: اسلوب هنري اين سنگ قبرها را چگونه مي توان تبيين كرد؟ همچنين با توجه به عدم اشاره مستقيم، آيا با اتكا به مطالعات باستان شناسانه مي توان در خصوص هويت هنرمند سازنده اين آثار اظهار نظر كرد؟
چكيده لاتين :
Inscriptions have always played the most important role in
Islamic architecture, especially in tombs. Calligraphy gradually
found a prominent place in Islamic architecture and art.
In general, one of the ways to become more familiar with
Islamic architecture courses, along with the use of decorative
designs, is to pay attention to inscriptions, because inscriptions
represent all the creations of Muslim artists in a
particular period. The spiritual spaces created by the inscriptions
in religious places such as mosques, schools, shrines,
monasteries, etc. lead man to illumination. The themes of
the inscriptions in Islamic buildings are various, including
the blessed names of God, verses, and chapters of the Quran,
the name of the Prophet, imams, religious poems, the name
of the client, the name of the ruler, the scribe and the date of
making the inscriptions, and also Persian and Arabic poems.
Wise words are the commandments and covenants of kings
and advice. The Seljuk era is one of the most important periods
of Islamic aesthetics that has created many changes in
Iranian works of art, especially architectural decorations. In
this era, due to the peace and political stability during the
Seljuk dynasty, artists had more favorable conditions and
were able to create numerous works. Working on stone was
more difficult than other elements, and on the other hand,
high-quality stone was found in small quantities. Masonry
and stone carving were abandoned after the Sassanid dynasty
until a few centuries later. But during the tenth and
eleventh centuries AD, artists turned their attention to this art
again. Consequently, stone altars and tombs
were created, which in some cases are very similar to the
altars, in other words, the use of stone experienced a reemergence.
Before the present study, the usage of poems on
tombstones during the Seljuk period has not been observed
or published. The purpose of this study is to introduce two
Seljuk tombstones that were discovered in Maymeh (Isfahan)
and are now kept in the city museum. The second
purpose is to discuss the artistic style and examine the similarities
and differences with other Seljuk works, especially
tombstones, to comment on the identity of these works. The
questions of the present study can be expressed as follows:
How can the artistic style of these tombstones be explained?
Also, considering the lack of direct reference, is it possible
to comment on the identity of the artist who made these
works based on archaeological studies? According to the
tombstone inscriptions of the Gordeh Museum, it should be
noted that Arabic poems have also been used in the inscriptions
of these two tombstones. The artistic style used in these
two tombstones is different from other known Seljuk tombstones,
which is probably due to the difference in the place
of construction of these works. Also, because of the great
similarities between the tombstones of the Pollen Museum
and the stone altar of Maymeh, it can be claimed that the
builder of the former tombstones is the same as the one who
built the Maymeh altar..
