پديد آورندگان :
ﮐﺎﻇﻢﭘﻮر، ﻣﻬﺪي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﻨﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، اﯾﺮان , ﺻﻼﺣﯽ، ﻣﺮﯾﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻫﻨﺮ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان , ﯾﺎري، زﻫﺮا داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﻨﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، اﯾﺮان
كليدواژه :
ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ , ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ , دوره ﻗﺎﺟﺎر , آراﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري , ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﺎت در ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه وﯾﮋهاي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﺑﺴـﺘﺮﻫﺎي درﺧﻮر ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ اراﺋﻪ آراﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﯽ، ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺷﺨﺎص ﻣﺘﻤﻮل و داراي اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ از آنﻫﺎ ﯾﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻮم ﺣﺎج ﻣﯿﺮزا اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺟﺎري ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺮي دوره ﻗﺎﺟﺎر ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ: ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨـﺎت ﭼـﻮﺑﯽ، ﻧﻘﺎﺷـﯽ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺷﯿﺸﻪ، ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ دﯾﻮاري، ﮐﺘﯿﺒﻪﻧﮕﺎري، ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﺎت ﮔﭽﯽ و آﺟﺮﮐﺎري در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﺿﺮورت ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﺎت اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ-ﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﮐﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ؛ ﺣـﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آراﯾﻪﻫﺎ و ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ ﺟﺰو ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪﻫـﺎي ﻫﻨـﺮ دوره ﻗﺎﺟـﺎر ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎر ﻣـﯽآﯾﻨـﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﺎت و آراﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺟﺎري ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ وﺟـﻮد ﻧـﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮم و ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن ﻣﺸﺘﺮك در آنﻫﺎ ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﺎت در ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي دوره ﻗﺎﺟﺎر ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. دادهﻫﺎ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶِ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪاﻧـﺪ. ﻫـﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آراﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺧﺎﺻـﯽ از ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨـﺎت دوره ﻗﺎﺟـﺎري در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﻮاﻻت ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از: ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨـﺎت واﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري در ﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺗـﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮاردي اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻨﯽ دﻻﻟﺖ دارد؟ آﯾﺎ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺧﺎﺻـﯽ از ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨـﺎت در ﺧﺎﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي ﻗﺎﺟﺎري ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ اﺳﺖ؟ اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ درﺑﺮدارﻧﺪه ﭼﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺷـﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺘﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺎﺟﺎر در ﺷـﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿـﻞ داراي اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﻮاع ﻧﻘﻮش ﮔﺮدان و ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ و ﮐﺘﯿﺒﻪﻧﮕﺎري ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿـﮏ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺷﯿﺸﻪ و ﻗﻮارهﺑﺮي ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
The use of decorations in Iranian traditional and native architecture has always had a special position. Among the noteworthy architectural contexts for presenting decorative arrays, the homes of wealthy individuals with social and religious credit differ in historical periods, which are now referred to as historical homes. While, many of these houses have been completely demolished or are being demolished, Ardebil's Qajar houses are among the historic houses that feature extensive and varied indigenous decorations. In the meantime, some of Ardebil province's monuments also have durable wooden decorations such as: grille, lattice window, door- window and so on, but among the most prominent are sash windows. There are many monuments from the historical era of Qajar in this province, many of which have sash windows. They are used in various sizes and often in homes . The luxurious and magnificent home of the deceased Haj Mirza Ibrahim Sadeghi is located in the Uç Decan district of Ardabil in the heart of Ardabil's historical context. The monument of Sadeghi's house was built in 1283 AH/1342 SH , which is one of the valuable relics of the Qajar era in the field of residential architecture in Ardabil. It includes artistic features of Qajar period such as: wooden decorations (qavareh bori, mirror decoration, flexure , grille), glass underpainting, murals, inscriptions, gypsum decorations (Moqarnas and stringcourse) and brickwork that are listed in the country's National List of Works. Studies through field observations, interviews, and library studies indicate that the decorations and decorations in Sadeghi's home are among the hallmarks of the Qajar art. Including affiliated wooden decorations to sash window that follow the current pattern in the Northwest region, meaning that the sash window frame is rectangular in shape and with inscriptions with a dominant geometric knot design. This pattern is common in Qajar houses in Tabriz. The use of qavare bori technique in wooden ornamentation of architecture is common, in the Qajar era and Sadeghi's home was no exception. Given that the history of Sadeghi's house construction dates back to the late Qajar period, new innovations in architectural decorations influenced by Western art are observed on the walls of Sadeghi's house in the form of European landscapes, castles, ships and Corent's column . The presence of western themes alongside indigenous arts such as Mogharnas and stringcourse in the decorating of Sadeghi's house indicates the coexistence of Western and Oriental arrays at a temporal and spatial point; in other words, the artist commits himself to performing indigenous decorations with the religious themes of his time, such as Quranic inscriptions are known in Arasi Hall, and on the other hand, influenced by Western art, he turns to European style painting in King's Hall. Also, by adapting decorations and arrays to other Qajar houses (whether in Ardabil or otherwise), a common concept and theme in them, indicating that a particular pattern of decorations dominated the Qajar period can be found. The data and information were analyzed using a descriptive-analytic approach. The purpose of this study is to investigate the arrays of Sadeghi Historical House in order to identify a particular pattern of Qajar decorations in the Northwest in order to answer the following questions: The Sadeghi Historical House, include what Architectural arrays and ornaments and what are the themes and concepts? Is there a particular pattern of decorations in the Qajar houses in Ardebil with an emphasis on Sadeghi's historic home? What kind of attribute does this template contain?.
