كليدواژه :
ﻧﻤﺎد و ﻣﺜﻠﺚ , ﻋﺮﻓﺎن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ , ﻣﻌﻤﺎري و ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﺎت , ﺑﻘﻌﻪي ﺷﯿﺦﺣﯿﺪر ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﮑﯿﻦﺷﻬﺮ
چكيده فارسي :
در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮص آﺛﺎر ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﻪ وﻓﻮر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻘﺶﻫـﺎ و ﻃﺮحﻫـﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴـﺘﯿﻢ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ از ﻧﻘﻮش ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﯾﺎ اﺳﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻮش ﺑﻪ دو دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﺪه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ: اوﻻ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺤﺚ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﺑﺨﺸﯽ و ﭼﺸﻢﻧﻮازي در ﺑﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد؛ دوﻣﺎً، ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻮده و داراي ﻣﻔﻬـﻮﻣﯽ در دل ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﺎً درﺑﺮﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ﺗﻔﮑﺮات و ﻋﻘﺎﯾﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﯾﮏ دوران ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﮑﺎن و ﺑﻨﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺗﻨﮕﺎﺗﻨﮕﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮم ﻫﺎ، ﻧﻘﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ از دو ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﮐﻪ در ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺟﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻫـﺎ در آﯾﯿﻦﻫـﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ داراي ﺗﻌـﺎﺑﯿﺮي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ درﯾﺎﺑﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ آﯾﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺎد از ﻏﯿﺮي ﺳﺨﻦ دارد ﯾﺎ ﺧﯿﺮ؛ اﮔـﺮ اﯾﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﭼﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﭘﺲ آن ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺮم ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در دو ﻃﺮف درب ورودي ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻘﻌﻪي ﺷﯿﺦﺣﯿﺪر در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﮑﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺣﮏ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ، ﺑـﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ اﯾـﻦ ﻧﻤـﺎد و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﻠﯽ آن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎت ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﻢدوره ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﮑﺮاتِ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و درك ﻋﺮﻓﺎن آن دوره و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺎور ﭘﺬﯾﺮﯾَﺶ ﺑﺮاي آن زﻣﺎن ﺧﺎص ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ، ﺗـﻼش ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي دادهﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻪ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﺛﺮ آن ﻣﺒﺎدرت ﮐﺮدهاﯾﻢ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي دﻗﯿﻖ و ﻣﻮﺷﮑﺎﻓﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﺎ آﻧﮑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺎد از دورانﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﻼم ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮرد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن در دوران ﭘﺲ از اﺳﻼم و در اوج ﺗﻔﮑﺮات ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﺮوردي و اﺑﻦﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و آن ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﺪن اﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺎد ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻞ از ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮگ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺎد در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪي ﺗﻔﮑﺮات اﺑﻦﻋﺮﺑﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮرﻧﮓ ﺑﻮدن اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﯿﻢ در ﻗـﻮس ﺻـﻌﻮد و ﻧـﺰول، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ آن، ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﯾﺎد ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
In architectural works, especially architectural decorative works, we see an abundance of designs which are derived from geometric, plant or Islamic designs. The use of these designs is for two main reasons: first, it is used only for aesthetic purposes in the building; second, it is purposeful and has a meaning in its heart. These signs, which sometimes contain specific thoughts and ideas from a certain period that are closely related to the place and building used. One of these forms is a role consisting of two triangles that have been used in several different places. The composition of triangles in different mirrors has different meanings. In this article we try to find out whether this symbol speaks of another or not. If important, what is the thought or importance behind it. The purpose of this research is to re-read this symbol and its general concepts based on the mystical details of its time. To find these influential thoughts, it is necessary to know and understand the mysticism of that period and the degree of its belief for that particular time. To this end, we have tried to collect library and field information and analyze information based on temporal and spatial data to realize their effectiveness in this regard and to receive its effect by analyzing each topic. In a period in the Islamic history of Iran, a set of ideas was introduced and grew exponentially, which has led to the creation of a controversial line of thought up to the contemporary era; Illumination. Suhrawardi was the founder and thinker of this mysticism. He also considered himself the inheritor of wisdom, which from his point of view was the preservers of the word in the two dynasties of East and West. Ibn Arabi considers the manifestation of divine love in creation and considers the motivator of God in this creation as love. They believe that man is the nature of love and the dough of existence is the product of love, and therefore we are moving towards the source of love. Ibn Arabi believes in the flow of love throughout life and thinks that we cannot know existence until we understand love, and he considers love in the world as blood in the human vein. He believes that God's knowledge of His creatures is the same as His own knowledge, and ultimately means that His effect is unimpeded in the world. The most obvious issue in the subject is the symbol of its meaning, it is very clear that behind every form, there is a current and current thinking that has been influenced by the dominant thoughts of its time. In the same way, what has been presented before, the arc of ascent and descent, also represents the thought of that period and the mystical beliefs of Iran at the peak of mystical thoughts of the 4th to 8th centuries. According to this maximum, man has been from eternity and will return to eternity. Therefore, this descent is shown by the earthly life and the descent arc, and the ascent is represented by the ascending arc. Considering the time of construction and emergence of the tomb complex in 731 AH, one can clearly see the thoughts and beliefs related to the arc of ascent and descent, and it was concluded that they hoped that the noble man buried in his eternal place would return to his/her origins. According to the sacred expression of the six-pointed star throughout history from the time of the Prophet Solomon to the Holy Prophet; it must be acknowledged that the two composite triangles and the arcs of its circumference can be the best sign of the published thoughts of Suhrawardi and Ibn Arabi, and by cleverly playing these volumes, it has made the return to the original understandable to all sections of its society.
