كليدواژه :
آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ اﺷﺮﻓﯿﻪ , اﻣﺎم زاده ﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﻼلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺷﺮف ع , آراﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎري , ﺷﯿﻌﻪ , ﮐﺘﯿﺒﻪﻧﮕﺎري
چكيده فارسي :
ﮔﯿﻼن از ﮐﻬﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮازﮔﺎه ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﺸﯿﻊ اﯾﺮان و ﻣﺄﻣﻨﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮﯾﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎن از ﺳـﺘﻢ ﺧﻠﻔـﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﮔﯿﻼن اﻣﺎمزادﮔﺎن زﯾﺎدي وﺟﻮد دارد؛ از ﻣﺸﻬﻮرﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺎمزادﮔﺎن، ﺣﻀﺮت ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﻼل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺷﺮف)ع( ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺷﻬﺮ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ اﺷﺮﻓﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ ﺑﻘﻌﻪ، ﭘﻨﺠﻤﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ در ﺳﺮاﺳـﺮ ﮐﺸـﻮر ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﻨﺎي ﺑﻘﻌﻪ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪي ﮐﺘﯿﺒـﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺷـﺘﺎري اﻣـﺎمزاده ﺣﻀﺮت ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﻼلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺷﺮف)ع( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻔﮑﺮات ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺷﯿﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. در راﺳﺘﺎي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف، ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﯽ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﯽ، اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ و ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮدي ﮐﺘﯿﺒـﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻘﻌﻪ اﻣﺎمزاده ﺣﻀﺮت ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﻼلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺷﺮف)ع( ﮐﺪام اﺳﺖ؟ ﮐﺘﯿﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎري ﻣﻨﺘﺴـﺐ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺬﻫﺐ ﺷﯿﻌﻪ در ﺑﻘﻌﻪ اﻣﺎمزاده ﺣﻀﺮت ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﻼلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺷﺮف)ع( ﮐﺪاماﻧﺪ؟ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎي ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ )ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ( ﺑﻮده اﺳـﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎري ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ آراﯾـﻪﻫـﺎي ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎري ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﻘﻌﻪ آﻗﺎ ﺳﯿﺪﺟﻼلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺷﺮف)ع(، روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ و ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ آراﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎري اﯾﻦ اﻣﺎمزاده و روش ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ دادهﻫـﺎ ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﻣـﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. از ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺧﻂ ﺛﻠﺚ، ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد را در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺘﯿﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻌﯽ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ و اﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﮐﺘﯿﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر اﻟﻘﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ وﻻﯾﺖ، ﺷﻬﺪاي ﮐـﺮﺑﻼ، واﻗﻌـﻪ ﮐﺮﺑﻼ، اﺳﺎﻣﯽ اﻟﻬﯽ و اﺋﻤﻪ و ﻏﯿﺮه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ آنﭼﻪ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ رواﯾﺎت و اﺣﺎدﯾﺚ ﮐﺜﯿﺮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ وﻻﯾﺖ اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﯽ)ع( ﻣﻄﺮح و ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﮐﺘﯿﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮم دﻋـﺎ، اﺣﺎدﯾـﺚ و ﻏﯿـﺮه ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﯽ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ دارﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﺘﯿﺒﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪح اﻣﯿﺮاﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻦ و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ واﻗﻌـﻪي ﮐـﺮﺑﻼ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﻌﯽ در ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﺎت آراﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺑﻘﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﯾﮋهاي ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ. از اﯾـﻦرو ﺑﻘﻌـﻪ اﻣـﺎمزاده ﺣﻀﺮت ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﻼلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺷﺮف)ع( ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪي آراﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎري ﺷﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺟﻠﻮهاي از ﯾـﮏ ﺑﻨـﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺷﯿﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Throughout history, they have used architecture to express their inner thoughts and human needs, and through this, they have been able to visualize intellectual and cultural themes, which, of course, have undergone various changes throughout history. In architecture, religion can be expressed in various forms. In this way, he can be a guide and friend of humanity in answering these issues. Decorations are one of the most prominent unifying elements in Islamic architecture; Which create value, harmony and efficiency in the architectural space. Based on the type of decorations, the goals of Islamic architecture can be understood. Undoubtedly, in Iranian-Islamic architecture, decorations are like the spirit that is blown into the body of the building, and artists have used religious concepts in decorating religious buildings. Due to their devotion to the family of the Prophet and the Imamate and their children, Muslim artists throughout history have created pure phenomena in architectural works, including sacred relics, and it is clear that they have used the sacred and divine arts on executive methods and brought them to the future. They have left. It is interesting to note that inscriptions play the most important role among other Islamic architectural decorations, which is quite evident in the tomb buildings. Gilan is one of the oldest lands that has been the epicenter of the history of Shiism in Iran and a refuge for those fleeing the oppression of the caliphs. There are many Imams in Gilan; One of the most famous of these Imams is Hazrat Sultan Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashraf (AS), who has been considered by Muslim artists throughout history. The city of Astana Ashrafieh is the fifth religious city in the country due to the existence of this tomb. The purpose of this study is to introduce the tomb, describe and study the written inscriptions of the Imamzadeh of Hazrat Sultan Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashraf (AS) in order to identify the thoughts of the Shiite religion. In order to achieve this goal, the main questions of this research are: What are the thematic, executive and practical features of the inscriptions on the tomb of Imamzadeh Hazrat Sultan Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashraf (AS)? What are the written inscriptions attributed to the Shiite religion in the tomb of Imamzadeh Hazrat Sultan Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashraf (AS)? The research method was descriptive-analytical based on collecting library and field information (combined). The statistical population of the study is the symbolic Shiite written arrays of the tomb of Agha Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashraf (AS), the sampling method is selective and the number of samples of all written arrays of this Imamzadeh and the data analysis method is qualitative. From the results of the present study, it can be seen that after the third line, the Nasta'liq script was the most used among the Shiite inscriptions, but the Shiite themes that are induced from the mentioned inscriptions are related to the province, the martyrs of Karbala, the event of Karbala, divine names and imams. Etc. What is important is the many narrations and hadiths that have been narrated and written in relation to the guardianship of Imam Ali (AS). The inscriptions of the mentioned building have a mystical theme with the concept of prayer, hadiths, etc. In the meantime, the abundance of inscriptions praising Amir al-Mu'minin as well as the event of Karbala shows that special attention has been paid to Shiite themes in the decorations of the arrays of this tomb. Therefore, the tomb of Imamzadeh Hazrat Sultan Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashraf (AS) is a complete manifestation of an Islamic building with Shiite religion due to Shiite written arrays.
