تحليلي بر زيبايي و كاركردهاي معنايي قفل هاي مجسمه گونه ايراني (نمونه ي موردي: قفل چالشتر)

An Analysis of the Beauty and Semantic Functions of Iranian Sculptural Locks. (Case Example: Challeshtor Lock

نياز به امنيت در ايران مانند ساير نقاط جهان نقش عمده اي در گسترش و ايجاد دكانهاي قفل سازي داشته­است. با اين وجود نياز به امنيت تنها دليل قفل سازي در ايران نبوده و قفل يكي از عوامل برآوردن نيازهاي معنوي ايرانيان نيز بوده است. قفل از اين منظر حاوي مفاهيم رمزي است و چون دفتري كه گشوده شود، رازهاي نهاني در سينه دارد. اما عامل زيبايي در قفل و نظاير اين هنر-صنعت هميشه ارادي و تابع انتخاب نبوده است. بلكه ناشي از تهميد و شگرد هنرمندان ايراني در گريز از محدوديتها و تحريمهاي عمدتا مذهبي و ايدئولوژيك بوده كه آزادي هنر را محدود ميكرد. اگر منع شده بود براي ساخت مجسمه و شمايل نگاري، ابزارهايي همچون قفل را [كه استفاده از آن ناگزير مي نمود] تبديل به زمينه اي ميكرد براي هنرنمايي. اگر در معماري يا جاهاي ديگر نمي توانست مجسمه هاي عظيم بسازد و در جاي جاي بنا به نمايش بگذارد، از سرستونها و درون كتيبه ها گرفته تا قفل و ... آنها را با شگردهاي زيبايي شناسانه با وجوه كاربردي در هم مي آميخت. از ديگر منظر، قفل به تبع درآميختگي صناعت و زيبايي در ايران زمين، مشحون از بارقه هاي زيبايي شناسانه ايراني است. ادغام اين ظرائف و هنرورزي ها تا به حدي ميرسد كه قفل ايراني همچون مجسمه مينمايد. التفات بيشتر ما به قفلهاي چالشتر در اين تحقيق به علت دسترسي بهتر و همچنين ظرافت و زيبايي آن است. قفلهاي چالشتر از اين منظر شهرت جهاني دارند. اين قفلها علاوه بر زيبايي و ظرافت، از كاركردهاي نمادين نيز بي بهره مي باشند. قفلهاي مجسمه گونه مورد مطالعه نيز از كتاب قفلهاي ايراني پرويز تناولي تهيه شده است. اين پژوهش قصد دارد با تحليلي بر زيبايي هاي هنري و كاركردهاي رمزي مندرج در قفل هاي مجسمه گونه ايراني، مسير بازشناخت بهتر كاركردهاي هنري و زيبايي شناسانه هنر-صنعتهاي ايراني خصوصا آنهايي كه به لحاظ محدوديتهاي ايدئولوژيك براي هنرمند-صنعتگر ايجاد شده بود، را هموار سازد و بر تمهيد و شگرد هاي صناعتي –هنري صنعتگر-هنرمند ايراني نقبي بزند.

The need for security in Iran, as in other parts of the world, has played a major role in the expansion and establishment of locksmith shops. However, the need for security has not been the only reason for the lockout in Iran. Locking has also been one of the elements to meet the spiritual needs of Iranians. The lock therefore contains symbolic meanings, and like a book that is opened, it has hidden secrets inside. But the beauty factor in locks and the like in this art-industry has not always been voluntary and subject to choice. Rather, it was due to the intimidation and trickery of Iranian artists in escaping from mainly religious and ideological restrictions and sanctions that restricted the freedom of art. If it were forbidden to make sculpture and iconography, he would turn tools such as locks [which he had to use] into a field for art. If he could not make huge sculptures in architecture or other places and display them in various places, from capitals and inside inscriptions to locks, etc., he would combine them with aesthetic tricks with practical aspects. From another perspective, the lock is full of Iranian aesthetic motives due to the fusion of industry and beauty in Iran. The combination of these delicacies and arts reaches such a level that the Iranian lock looks like a statue. Most of our attention to the more challenging locks in this research is due to better access as well as its elegance and beauty. Challenger locks are world famous from this perspective. In addition to beauty and elegance, these locks also lack symbolic functions. The sculptural locks studied in this article have also been prepared from the book of Iranian locks by Parviz Tanavoli. By analyzing the artistic beauties and symbolic functions in the locks of Iranian sculpture, this research aims to provide a better way of recognizing the artistic and aesthetic functions of Iranian art-industries, especially those created in relation to ideological concepts for the artist-craftsman. an‎d open the way to the knowledge of the preparation and industrial-artistic craftsmanship-art of the Iranian artist. Traditional Iranian locks, especially the examples discussed in this article, have many cultural implications that reflect the attitude of society, aesthetic awareness, preparation and tricks to overcome the limiting and inhibiting factors of creativity and art. These locks are important carriers of culture and customs and, most importantly, the attitude and attitude of their users to important aspects of life, including longevity and guarding, and protection from disasters and unhappy matters, and the category of wealth, etc. . These people blend and reflect cultural meanings through materials, shapes, and decorations with aesthetic value, indicating intelligence, creativity, and a moral commitment to the concepts of life. Lock is one of the oldest tools that has maintained its role and position so far, both as an objective tool for protection and security and symbolically in the management and direction of cosmic and magical energies. "Love lock" is a symbol of an unbreakable bond that lovers engrave their name (in full or in short or symbolically) on the lock and throw the key in the river or far away. The lock of love is not almost specific to one country and culture, but in terms of its vast range from France to the United States, from South Korea to Russia and from China to Italy, shows the antiquity and symbolic and magical properties of the "lock" and its alignment with It has important categories such as love and security in human life. The permanence and continuity of the magical and symbolic nature of the lock until the contemporary era, indicates the importance and antiquity of this tool with its psychological aspects and magical belief of the human mind.