تأثير شرط جبران خسارت در قرارداد پايه برآثار بيمه مضاعف: مطالعه بيمه‌نامه‌هاي قراردادهاي نفت و گاز

The Effect of "Indemnity" Clause in Underlying Contract on "Other Insurance Clause" and Contribution of Insurers in Compensating Losses and Damages (Case Study on Oil and Gas Industry All Risk Insurances)

شرط "بيمه نامه‌ها‌ي ديگر " يكي از شروط مهم بيمه‌نامه‌ها مي باشد، اين شرط به نوعي ترجمان موضوعات بيمه مضاعف با رويكردي كاربردي بوده و به آثار آن از جمله نحوه مشاركت بيمه‌گران و مراجعه آنهابه يكديگر مي‌پردازد. مطابق اصل جبران خسارت ، بيمه‌گذار بايستي به حالت قبل از وقوع خسارت بازگشته واز سبب بيمه سود بيشتري نسبت به خسارت، دارا نگردد. بنابراين وجود بيمه‌نامه مضاعف براي خطر واحد، با لحاظ شروط تحقق آن نبايستي باعث منتفع شدن بيمه گذار گردد. نحوه مراجعه بيمه‌گران نيز به يكديگر با توجه به شرط "بييمه نامه هاي ديگر" و تعامل و تعارض آنها در بيمه‌نامه‌ها و تاثير شرط جبران خسارت و پذيرش مسئوليت در قرارداد پايه بر اين امردر خصوص حل و فصل اختلافات واجد اهميت است؛ به نحوي كه تعامل اين دوشرط در بيمه نامه و قرارداد پايه بر ميزان تعهد بيمه‌گران و نحوه مراجعه آنها به يكديگر با توجه به به نحوه نگارش آنها با محدوديت هايي مواجه خواهد شد.

" Other insurance" clause frequently has been one of the controversy issues in insurance policies which relates to double insurance matters, but this clause clarifies to what amount insures should compensate losses and damages and refer to others. The property or liability under more than one coverage for the same risk which ate valid at the same time and same beneficiary shall not lead to which the assured benefit more than he has suffered. So, to share the amount of compensation between insurers is the matter here which determined by "other insurance" clause which each insurer to what amount should compensate and substantially is he liable for compensation or not? Interactions between other insurance clauses according to types of this clause such as pro-rata, excess and escape sometimes make conflicts with no compatibility. In this case it worth analyzing the exact words of clauses and the intention of parties. Furthermore, interaction between other insurance clause and indemnity make some confusion to determine priority. In some cases, courts held indemnity precedes to other insurance regardless to its wording and in some others, courts held the loss and damage should be compensated due to other insurance clauses.