فرايند سه مرحله‌اي روايت در ادبيات كودكان و نوجوانان (بر اساس نظريه‌ي ماريا نيكولايوا)

The relationship between cognitive development and perception of validity in children's and adolescent fiction literature (based on Maria Nikolayeva's theory)

اگرچه گرايش به داستان‌پردازي به سبك جديد براي كودك و نوجوان روندي فزاينده دارد، بازشناسي مرزهاي روايت‌پردازي در اين حوزه‌ي داستان‌پردازي براساس رده‌هاي سني مخاطبان ضرورتي انكارناپذير است. اين پژوهش به‌شيوه‌ي توصيفي‌تحليلي متكي بر مباني نظري روايت‌شناسي و آراي ماريا نيكولايوا درباره‌ي جهان داستان و فرايند سه مرحله‌اي «پيشاهبوطي، كارناوالي و پساهبوطي» تلاش كرده است به بازنمايي و واكاوي مشخصه‌هاي روايي و رواني داستان‌هاي كودكانه معاصر براي ترسيم بوطيقاي روايت‌گري آن‌ها بپردازد. نتايج پژوهش حاضر نشان مي‌دهد كه دستيابي به مخاطبان فعال و پويا در حوزه‌ي ادبيات داستاني به‌ويژه در دوره‌ي بزرگسالي، بدون تربيت ذهني و عاطفي كودك و نوجوان از رهگذر داستان‌هاي پيشاهبوطي و سپس دوره‌ي كارناوالي ميسر نيست؛ زيراكه مراحل سه‌گانه داستان‌پردازي ماريا نيكولايوا آشكار مي‌سازد كه داستان‌نويسي براي كودكان مخاطب (از آغاز تا رسيدن به مرحله‌ي نوجواني دوم) فرايندي تكاملي دارد. تربيت مخاطبان با ويژگي‌هاي مراحل سه‌گانه‌ي گفته‌شده مي‌تواند به گسترش دانش و شناخت مخاطبان داستان منجرگردد.

Although the trend toward new style storytelling for children and adolescents is on the rise, recognizing the boundaries of narrative in this storytelling area by audience age is an indispensable necessity. This descriptive-analytic study has attempted to represent and analyze the narrative and psychological characteristics of the story, based on the theoretical foundations of narrative and Maria Nikolayova's views on the story world and the three-step process of "scouting, carnival and post-scandal". Childhood to draw the narrative narrative of contemporary children's stories. It can be concluded from the results of this study that the stories of children and adolescents should be categorized and represented according to their cognitive and psychological conditions in the framework of their own narrative structure. Since storytelling at different age levels must be based on the audience's psychological and cognitive status, reaching an active and dynamic audience in fictional literature, especially in adulthood, without the mental and emotional training of the child and adolescent audience. It is not possible to pass the prose stories and then the carnival period, since the three stages of Maria Nikolayova's storytelling reveal that storytelling has an evolutionary process for the child audience (from beginning to adulthood). The training of audiences with the characteristics of these three stages can lead to the expansion of the audience's knowledge and understanding of the story.