بررسي اختيارات حاكم اسلامي در حكم جهاد دفاعي از منظر فقه اماميه

A study of the powers of the Islamic ruler in the ruling of defensive jihad from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence

موضوع دفاع و آمادگي جامعه اسلامي براي جهاد در راه خدا، از ضروريات بقا و امنيت امت اسلامي است. اين پژوهش با هدف بررسي جايگاه و اختيارات حاكم اسلامي در صدور حكم جهاد دفاعي در انواع مختلف آن، در مباني اسلامي و آراء و نظرات فقهي علماي اسلام انجام پذيرفته است. پژوهش از نوع بنيادي و كاربردي بوده، با مراجعه به منابع و متون اسلامي و فقهي به روش كتابخانه‌اي و تحليلي انجام شده است. از بررسي متون ديني و فقهي چنين برمي‌آيد كه اولاً حاكم اسلامي نقش كليدي در اجراي حكم جهاد و دفاع از كيان حكومت اسلامي و عزت مسلمانان داشته، ثانياً اين اختيارات ضامن تأمين امنيت امت اسلام و حفظ استقلال و بقاي آن است؛ ثالثاً اختيارات حاكم اسلامي، با در نظر گرفتن شرايط زماني و مكاني و معطوف به پويايي فقه شيعه، عامل اصلي در بسيج نيروها براي مقابله با دشمنان اسلام است؛ و رابعاً اين احكام فصل الختام جاري شدن حكم جهاد دفاعي در حكومت اسلامي است.

The issue of defense and readiness of the Islamic society for jihad in the way of God is one of the necessities of survival and security of the Islamic Ummah. This has been done. Examination of religious and jurisprudential texts shows that, firstly, the Islamic ruler has played a key role in implementing the ruling of jihad and defending the unity of the Islamic government and the dignity of Muslims, and secondly, these powers guarantee the security of the Islamic Ummah and maintain its independence and survival; Thirdly, the authority of the Islamic ruler, taking into account the temporal and spatial conditions and focusing on the dynamics of Shiite jurisprudence, is the main factor in mobilizing forces to confront the enemies of Islam; and fourthly, these rulings of the final chapter are the issuance of the ruling of defensive jihad in the Islamic governmentThe issue of defense and readiness of the Islamic society for jihad in the way of God is one of the necessities of survival and security of the Islamic Ummah. This has been done. Examination of religious and jurisprudential texts shows that, firstly, the Islamic ruler has played a key role in implementing the ruling of jihad and defending the unity of the Islamic government and the dignity of Muslims, and secondly, these powers guarantee the security of the Islamic Ummah and maintain its independence and survival; Thirdly, the authority of the Islamic ruler, taking into account the temporal and spatial conditions and focusing on the