روش خوشه‌ بندي رتبه‌اي مبتني ‌بر اصول پراميتي براي توسعه استراتژي خريد در زنجيره تأمين

Proposing an Ordered Clustering Based on the PROMETHEE Principles to Develop Purchasing Strategy in the Supply Chain

هدف: در اين پژوهش، به‌كمك روش‌هاي كمّي، الگوي طبقه‌‌بندي اقلام خريد براي دسته‌بندي اقلام خريد ارائه شده است. هدف از ارائه اين الگو، ايجاد تناسب استراتژيك در زنجيره تأمين و ارائه استراتژي‌ و روش‌‌هاي خريد مناسب براي هر طبقه از اقلام متناسب با اولويت‌هاي رقابتي سازمان است. روش: سه بُعد اولويت رقابتي، تحليل بازار تأمين و ويژگي مؤلفه خريد براي دسته‌بندي اقلام خريد ارائه شده است تا ويژگي‌هاي لازم براي انتخاب استراتژي خريد پوشش داده شود؛ سپس معيارهاي هر بُعد با روش دلفي تعيين و با روش بهترين ـ بدترين وزن‌دهي شده است. در ادامه، اقلام خريد در هر بُعد با الگوريتم K-means و PSO خوشه‌بندي شده است. دليل تركيب اين دو الگوريتم، رفع مشكل حساس‌بودن به مقادير اوليه و رهايي از بهينه محلي بوده است. سپس با استفاده از روش خوشه‌بندي رتبه‌اي مبتني‌ بر اصول پراميتي، اقلام خريد دسته‌بندي شده و براي هر طبقه، استراتژي‌هاي خريد با در نظر گرفتن پروفايل ترجيحات، شرايط شركت در بازار رقابتي و بازار تأمين ارائه شده است. يافته‌ها: رويكرد پيشنهادي براي 100 كالاي خريداري‌‌شده در يك شركت فولادي پياده‌سازي و مناسب‌‌ترين روش‌هاي خريد براي هر طبقه از اقلام خريد ارائه شد. در مطالعه موردي، هزينه و كيفيت، به‌ عنوان اولويت‌هاي رقابتي در نظر گرفته شده و معيارها متناسب با اين دو بُعد انتخاب شده است. نتيجه‌گيري: رويكرد اين پژوهش به مديران كمك مي‌كند تا با در نظر گرفتن پروفايل ترجيحات در روش خوشه‌‌بندي رتبه‌اي و شرايط شركت خود، بتوانند در بازار رقابتي و بازار تأمين، انتخاب‌هاي بيشتر و دقيق‌تري از روش‌هاي خريد را براي هر دسته از اقلام خريد داشته باشند.

Objective: Purchasing portfolio models have received a great deal of attention in both academic and practice fields as suitable purchasing strategies. Purchasing portfolio applies as a diagnostic and prescriptive purchasing tool. The core purpose of this study is to introduce a quantified portfolio for developing purchasing strategies that are aligned with competitive priorities. The quantitative method of this study relies on data mining (ordered clustering) and MADM (Best Worst method) to classify purchased items with the aim of creating a strategic fit in the supply chain and developing purchasing strategies in accordance with the competitive priorities of organizations. Methods: In portfolio models, the determination of the dimensions and the manner in which they are measured is important. In this study, firstly, the proper dimensions for commodity classification were introduced. These dimensions were competitive priority (as introduced in the literature review, including the costs, quality, speed, flexibility, and innovation), supply market analysis (an important dimension that should be considered in commodity classification analysis), and product features (that describe the characteristics of the commodities). Next, the proper criteria for each dimension were determined using the Delphi method. After that, the selected criteria using the Delphi method were weighted using the Best Worst method. In the following, purchasing items were classified using ordered clustering based on the PROMETHEE method. In this study, the clusters determined by PSO-K-means were ranked using the total unicriterion net flow of clusters in each dimension introduced in this study. Then, the preference profile was used to measure the preferential quality of each cluster on the different criteria in each dimension. The profile helps the purchasing managers with selecting the best proposed working methods for purchasing in each class of commodity by the preference profile. Finally, the proper working method and purchasing strategy were proposed for highly strategic commodities. Results: The approach and method presented in this study were implemented for 100 purchased items in a steel company. In this study, the company selected cost and quality as competitive priorities. The method construct bases on these competitive priorities and proper criteria for each dimension. The most appropriate purchasing methods for each class of high-strategic purchased items were presented taking into account the proposed methods and the opinion of experts. The strategies and working methods that were introduced in purchasing Chessboard were applied in this study. Conclusion: The approach of this research helps purchasing and supply managers to have more and more accurate choices of purchasing methods for each category of purchasing items. By considering the profile of preferences in the ordered clustering method based on the PROMETHEE principles it helps them to improve supply management and supply chain performance. Also, the alignment of purchasing strategy with business strategy could improve competitiveness.