بررسي هنرهاي رايج عصر صفوي از خلال ديوان قدسي مشهدي

A study of the common arts of the Safavid era through the Holy Divan of Mashhad

يكي از شيوه هاي آشنايي با هنرهاي رايج هر دوره از تاريخ ، بررسي آثار ادبي بزرگي است كه از آن روزگاران به يادگار مانده است . از متون ادبي حاضر ، ديوان حاجي محمدجان قدسي مشهدي ، شاعر قرن يازدهم هجري ، معاصر سلسله ي صفوي است كه هنرهاي رايج اين عصر در شعرش بازتاب گسترده اي دارد . عصر شكوفايي هنر ايران در دوران سلجوقي و ايلخاني است و در زمان تيموريان به اوج مي رسد . امّا تمركز و يكپارچگي سازمان دولت صفوي سبب شد تا جميع هنرها رونق گرفت و به همين دليل انواع هنرها در اين عصر به جهت كميت رشد چشمگيري يافت . حكومت صفوي به جهت اقتدار مذهبي و تقابل قدرت عظيم شيعه در برابر حكومت اهل تسنن تركيه عثماني در صحنه سياست ، فرهنگ ، اقتصاد و حتي هنر به عنوان قدرت برتر مطرح شده است. دراين مقاله ،سعي بر آن است تا هنرهايي كه در عصر صفوي رواج داشته از قبيل موسيقي ، نقاشي ، خوشنويسي ، كتاب آرايي و معماري از خلال ديوان قدسي مشهدي مورد تحليل قرار گيرد.

One way to get acquainted with the common arts of each period of history is to study the great literary works that have survived from that time. Among the present literary texts, the Divan of Haji Mohammadjan Ghodsi Mashhadi, a poet of the 11th century AH, is a contemporary of the Safavid dynasty, whose popular art of this era is widely reflected in his poetry. The era of flourishing Iranian art is in the Seljuk and Ilkhanid eras and reaches its peak in the time of the Timurids. However, the concentration and integration of the Safavid state organization caused all the arts to flourish, and for this reason, the types of arts in this era grew significantly in quantity. The Safavid government has been considered as a superior power in the field of politics, culture, economy and even art due to its religious authority and the confrontation of the great Shiite power with the Sunni government of Ottoman Turkey. In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the arts that were popular in the Safavid era, such as music, painting, calligraphy, book design and architecture through the Holy Divan of Mashhad.