ريشه‌يابي منابع تاريخي در آثار نمايشي بهرام بيضايي

Finding the roots of historical sources in Bahram Beizai's plays

ﺑﻬﺮام ﺑﯿﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪة ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ آﺛﺎر ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ، ﭼﻬﺮه ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺜﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و ﮐﺎرﮔﺮدان ﺗﺌﺎﺗﺮ و ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺷﯿﻔﺘ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺗﻤﺪن اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﮔﻨﺠﯿﻨﮥ اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ، ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻓﻮﻟﮑﻠﻮر، ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﻪ، اﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺷﻔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ در آﺛﺎر ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺧﻮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد. آﺛﺎر ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ او ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻗﺘﺒﺎسﻫﺎي زﯾﺎدي ﮐﻪ ازاﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻨﺠﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻬﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آورده ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ اداﻣﻪ دﻫﻨﺪة راه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ در ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ و ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ و اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ و ﺣﻤﺎﺳﻪ اﺳﺖ و آﺛﺎر ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺧﻮد را ﭼﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ و ﭼﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﻬﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺳﻌﯽ دارد ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻋﻤﺪه رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ را ﻧﺰد ﺑﯿﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻘﺪ »ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﮔﺮا« دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﺮده ﺗﺎ در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه و ﻧﺤوه ﭘﺮدازش و روﯾﮑﺮد ﺧﺎص ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﯿﺎﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺑﻬﺮام ﺑﯿﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ دوره ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻧﻤﯽﭘﺮدازد، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ در آﺛﺎر او اﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﻄﻮرهاي، ﺣﻤﺎﺳﯽ، ﻋﺎﺷﻮراﺋﯽ، ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﯾﺮان ﭘﯿﺶ و ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺳﻼم دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. وي در ﻋﻤﺪه اين ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽﻫﺎ، آﺛﺎر ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻧﺎت و اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮔﺮه زده اﺳﺖ.

Bahram Beizai, the author of the best plays, is a prominent figure in Persian prose and a theater and cinema director who is fascinated by Iranian culture and civilization. His plays are of great importance because of the many adaptations he has made of such ancient treasures. It can be said that Beizai is a kind of continuation of Ferdowsi's way in re-reading and recreating history, myths and epics, and he has inspired his plays from ancient sources both in the form of plays and screenplays. This article tries to categorize the main roots of the play with Beizai with a "reading-oriented" critique method in a descriptive-analytical method, in order to conclude with a favorable summary of the author's play sources and the author's specific processing and approach in dealing with this root. Ha come to action. The result shows that Bahram Beizai does not deal with a specific period of history, but in his works various historical adaptations such as mythical history, epic, Ashura, history of Iran before and after Islam can be seen. In most of these readings, he has tied his works to contemporary currents and ideas.