كليدواژه :
مشي و مشيانه , اسطورۀ آفرينش , درخت سخنگو , نگارۀ اسكندر و درخت سخنگو , شاهنامۀ دموت
چكيده فارسي :
در باور ايرانيان باستان و منابع كهن ايراني چون بندهشن، مشي و مشيانه اولين زوج بشر در آفرينش نخستين هستند و ويژگي انسان- گياه دارند. از طرفي در متن شاهنامه فردوسي هم از درختي سخنگو و با ويژگي انسان- گياه در داستان اسكندر و درخت سخنگو اشعاري نقل شده و نگاره‌اي نيز با همين موضوع مصور شده است. اهميت اين ويژگي انسان- گياه در هر دو مورد، ضرورت انجام پژوهش حاضر را ايجاب كرده است. اهداف پژوهش حاضر، شناخت ويژگي‌هاي مشي و مشيانه در اساطير ايراني و منابع كهن و نيز شناسايي مشخصه‌هاي درخت سخنگو در اشعار و نگارۀ اسكندر و درخت سخنگو در شاهنامۀ دموت و نيز شناخت وجوه اشتراك و افتراق مشي و مشيانه و اين نگاره است. پرسش‌هاي پژوهش عبارت‌اند از: 1. مشي و مشيانه در اساطير ايراني و درخت سخنگو در اشعار و نگارۀ شاهنامۀ دموت داراي چه ويژگي‌هايي بصري و ساختاري هستند؟ 2. مشي و مشيانه در اساطير ايراني و درخت سخنگو در اشعار و نگارۀ شاهنامۀ دموت از منظر فرم و معنا چه وجوه اشتراك و افتراقي دارند؟ در پژوهش حاضر اطلاعات كتابخانه‌اي، اسنادي و تصويري با رويكرد توصيفي- تحليلي و تطبيقي بررسي شده است و نمونه‌هاي مطالعاتي شامل نگارۀ اسكندر و درخت سخنگو در شاهنامۀ دموت است. نتايج پژوهش نيز نشان مي‌دهد درخت سخنگو در شاهنامۀ دموت مطابق با ويژگي‌هاي مشي و مشيانه با ساقه‌هايي درهم‌پيچيده و ريشه‌هاي مجزا مصور شده با اين تفاوت كه فرزندان يا ميوه‌هاي اين درخت مانند مشي و مشيانه فقط آدميان نيستند و اين درخت فرزندان حيواني نيز دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
In the belief of the ancient Iranians and sources, such as Bondeheshn, Mashi and Mashianeh are the first human couple in the first creation and have human-plant characteristics. In the text of Shahnameh, have been quoted poems from a talking tree with human-plant characteristics in the story of Alexander in Conversation with Wak Wak Tree and a painting is illustrated with the same subject. The importance of human-plant property in both cases necessitates the present study. The purposes are to identify the characteristics of Mashi and Mashianeh in Persian mythology and ancient sources and to identify the characteristics of Wak Wak Tree in the poems and painting of Alexander in Conversation with Wak Wak Tree in the Demot Shahnameh and their similarities and differences.Research questions include: 1- What are the visual and structural features of Mashi and Mashianeh in the Persian mythology and the Wak Wak Tree in the poems and painting of the Shahnameh of Demot? 2- What are the similarities and differences in their form and meaning of them?
In order to answer the questions raised, first the myth of the first creation and the characteristics of Mashi and Mashianeh have been studied and then the talking (Wak Wak) tree is analyzed. Then the painting of Alexander and the talking (Wak Wak) tree in Demot's Shahnameh and the characteristics of this tree have been studied, and finally, the characteristics of Mashi and Mashianeh and the talking (Wak Wak) tree are compared to the painting of Alexander and the talking (Wak Wak) tree. In the present research, library information and documentary and visual data have been studied and compared with a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach, and the cases studies studied in the research include the painting of Alexander and the talking (Wak Wak) tree in the Shahnameh of Demot, which has the characteristics of Mashi and Mashianeh in mythological and Iran ancient sources. The results of the research show that Mashi and Mashianeh in mythology and the talking (Wak Wak) tree illustrated in Demot's Shahnameh painting, both have human-plant characteristics.
However, Mashi and Mashianeh have a plant identity of the type of rhubarb plant with broad leaves, while the talking (Wak Wak) tree in the painting and in the poems of the Shahnameh has the characteristics of a tree and does not have the characteristics of a bush. The tree in the painting has long leaves. Moreover, they have the power of speech in both humans-plants, Mashi and Mashianeh and talking (Wak Wak) trees and the appearance of both cases are described with two separate roots and twisted stems. The gender identity of none is clear and this feature is common in the painting and poems of the Shahnameh and ancient texts. In the painting, the gender identity of the faces is not clear and the elegance of the faces is almost the same. Mashi and Mashianeh are a human couple and two fruits of the same plant and in the poems of the Shahnameh, the talking (Wak Wak) tree has the identity of a human woman and a human man, while in the painting, the tree is depicted with human male and female heads and male and female animal headsbecause Mashi and Mashianeh had one female face and the other male face and the words female and male are used in the poems and the multitude of these faces has not been mentioned. Furtheremore,, in the Bondaheshn, Mashi and Mashianeh are described as standing with their hands on their ears and this situation is not seen in the poems of the Shahnameh and in painting of the Demut's Shahnameh. In general, from this comparison, it can be concluded that the talking tree originated from the ancient creation myths of Mashi and Mashianeh and it is another form of the first human couple. It has appeared in the form of a talking (Wak Wak) tree in the poems of Shahnameh and Iranian art over time.
