عوامل پيدايش دو پديدۀ «ما تأخّر حكمه عن نزوله» و «ما تأخّر نزوله عن حكمه»

Among the Quranic sciences and Quran exegesis books, a term titled “ما تأخّر حكمه عن نزوله the delayed ruling until after the revelation” and “ما تأخّر نزوله عن حكمه the delayed revelation untilafter Its ruling” (Qur’anic verses and surahs which were revealed before their rulings and after their ruling) flourishes. The statement“ما تأخّر حكمه عن نزوله the delayed revelation until after Its ruling” means there are verses which have been revealed but after some times their rulings have been legislated (Arabic: تشريع tas̲h̲rīʿ) like the revelation of the verse “قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّي successful indeed are those who purify themselves” (Arabic: سورة الأعلي 14th verse of Surah AlA’la) in Mecca and interpreting “تَزَكَّي to be purified” as compulsory zakāt (Arabic: زكاة) and its legislation in Medina. The statement “ما تأخّر نزوله عن حكمه revelation after its ruling” means a judgment has been legislated in Mecca and after some time its verses has been revealed in Medina like the legislation of the ruling of Friday prayer in Mecca and the revelation of the verses related to this ruling in surat alJumu’ah (Arabic: سورة الجمعة) in Medina. First time the term “ما تأخّر حكمه عن نزوله the delayed revelation until after its ruling” was stated by alBaghawī and the term “ما تأخّر حكمه عن نزوله the delayed revelation until after its ruling” was declared by alSuyuti. The absolute trust (firm belief) in the speech of the companions of the Prophet (Arabic: صحابة saḥābah) and followers or successors of the companions of the prophet (Arabic: تابعون tābi’ūn) and inattention to the principle of applicability and conformity (Arabic: جري وتطبيق jari and tatbiq) and belief in a special occasion and the untrue exegesis of some verses of the noble Quran are of the main reasons of causing these two phenomena. While interpreting the reasons of the invention of these two phenomena this research with analyticdescriptive method has studied the exegesis of the verses which have affirmed (justified and declared) these two phenomena and increasingly, it has revealed the untruthfulness of these two phenomena.