رهيافتي نو بر تقيه‌اي بودن متعلق روايات صعب مستصعب

A New Approach of Being Taqiyya (Arabic: تقية, taqīyah) of Difficult Complicated (Arabic: صَعْبٌ مُسْتَصْعَبٌ, Ṣa‘b Mustaṣ‘ab) Narrations

برخي روايات از وجود احاديثي سخن مي‌گويند كه تحمل آن براي شنونده بسيار سخت و دشوار است. اين احاديث با عنوان روايات «صعب مستصعب» شناخته مي‌شوند. رابطۀ اين روايات به‌جهت ماهيت تقيه‌اي و رعايت ظرفيت مردم يا از ترس كفر آنان، از دسترس عموم مردم و در مواردي حتي از شيعيان نيز پوشيده مي‌شود. متعلق روايات صعب مستصعب «حديث»، «علم»، «امر»، «اسرار»، «ميثاق» اهل‌بيت(ع) و منزلت امام معصوم(ع) قرار گرفته است. نويسنده در اين پژوهش با دقت در اين روايات و بررسي مفهوم و متعلق آن به اين نتيجه رسيده است كه احاديث صعب مستصعب از جهت فهم مخاطب به سه دستۀ كلي، احاديث مختص اهل‌بيت‰، احاديث مختص اصحاب ائمه‰ و احاديث مختص شيعيان تقسيم مي‌شود كه ‌بر اساس آن اهل‌بيت‰ از بيان برخي از اسرار و مفاهيم به‌غير اهلش تقيه نموده و پرهيز مي‌كردند. بنابراين متعلق روايات صعب مستصعب از جهت صدور تقيه‌اي برخوردارند. اين جستار با بررسي متون روايي به‌روش توصيفي و تحليلي، به بيان مصاديق روايات صعب مستصعب و تبيين جهت تقيه‌اي آن مي‌پردازد.

Some narrations speak of the existence of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحاديث, singular: ḥadīth) that are very difficult for listener to tolerate. These traditions are known as "difficult complicated" (Arabic: صَعْبٌ مُسْتَصْعَبٌ, Ṣa‘b Mustaṣ‘ab) narrations. The relationship between these traditions is hidden from the general public and in some cases even from Shiites because of their taqiyya (Arabic: تقية, taqīyah) nature and observance of people's capacity or fear of their disbelief. The objects of difficult complicated narrations are ḥadīth, science, order, secrets (mysteries), covenant (Arabic: ميثاق) of Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: أهل البيت, lit. 'people of the house') (peace be upon them) and the status (position) of the Infallible (Arabic: المَعْصوم, al-Maʿṣūm) Imam (a.s.). The author by studying carefully in these narrations and examining the concept and its object, concluded that difficult complicated narrations in order to the understanding of audience are divided to three categories according to which Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) had taqiyya and abstained from some mysteries and concepts to non-eligible: Aḥādīth specific to Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), aḥādīth specific to the companions (Arabic: اَصْحاب; aṣḥāb (of Imams (peace be upon them) and aḥādīth specific to Shiites. Therefore, the object of difficult complicated narrations, have taqiyya from the perspective of pronouncing. This article by examining narrative texts in descriptive and analytical method, deals with the examples of Ṣa‘b Mustaṣ‘ab (Arabic: صَعْبٌ مُسْتَصْعَبٌ, difficult complicated) narrations and explains its taqiyya direction.