معرفي مدارس و رصدخانه‌هاي مشهور آذربايجان در قرن نهم هجري قمري

Introduction of famous schools and observatories of Azerbaijan in the ninth century AH

تساهل و مداراي مذهبي ايلخانان تأثير ويژه اي بر رشد فرهنگ و آموزش در اين عصر بر جاي گذاشت. و نظر به اهميتي كه مراكز علمي آذربايجان در عصر مورد بحث اين پژوهش داشته اند همچنين با توجه به اهتمام در امر تاسيس مدارس مقارن با قرن نهم ه.ق در منطقه آذربايجان و شمال غربي ايران و توسعه و ترقي علوم در اين ناحيه پژوهش حاضر درصدد پاسخگويي به اين سوال است كه جايگاه وضعيت علمي مراكز علمي آذربايجان در قرن نهم هجري چگونه بوده و چه پيامدهاي اجتماعي با تاكيد بر مذهب داشته اند؟ روش تحقيق به صورت توصيفي - تحليلي ميباشد. نتايج حاكي از آن است كه مدارس مهمترين مراكز علمي قرن نهم بودند كه هم از نظر تعداد و هم ميزان فعاليت هاي آموزشي بر ساير مراكز برتري داشتند. در اين دوره مدارس بسياري براي نشر و گسترش علم ساخته و يا بازسازي شدند عمده ترين علومي كه در اين دوره در مدارس تدريس مي شد علوم،كلامي رياضي و فلسفه بود از سوي ديگر به عنوان يك نتيجه قابل توجه در فعاليتهاي علمي پس از حمله مغول، روح متعصب و خشك مذهبي كه در عهد خلفا براساس جانبداري از مذاهب اهل سنت حاكم بود در قرن نهم از ميان رفت. البته نبايد نقش رصدخانه ها و اهميت آنان در كنار مدارس را ناديده گرفت زيرا تأسيس رصدخانه اي همچون رصدخانه مراغه با جمعي از انديشمندان آن زمان نقش بسيار پررنگي در رواج علم و دانش در اين خطه داشته است.

With the coming to power of the Ilkhans, the scientific and cultural community of Iran emerged from the passivity and stagnation of decades of Mongol rule. The religious tolerance of the Ilkhans had a special effect on the growth of culture and education in this era. Considering the importance of Azerbaijani scientific centers in the era under study, this study also aims to establish schools in the ninth century AH in the region of Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran and the development and advancement of science in this area. The answer to this question is what was the scientific status of the scientific centers of Azerbaijan in the ninth century AH and what were the social consequences with the emphasis on religion? The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results show that schools were the most important scientific centers of the ninth century, which were superior to other centers both in terms of the number and amount of educational activities. During this period, many schools were built or rebuilt to spread science. The main sciences taught in schools during this period were theology, mathematics and philosophy. On the other hand, as a remarkable result, in the scientific activities after the Mongol invasion, the fanatical and dry religious spirit that prevailed in the caliphate during the reign of the Sunni sects, disappeared in the ninth century. Of course, the role of observatories and their importance along with schools should not be ignored, because the establishment of an observatory such as the Maragheh Observatory with a group of thinkers at that time played a very important role in the spread of science and knowledge in this region.