مقايسه سلامت روان، خودكارآمدي و اميد به زندگي در زنان شاغل بازنشسته و زنان غير شاغل شهر كرمانشاه

Comparison of mental health, self-efficacy and life expectancy between retired women and non-employed women in Kermanshah

ﻫﺪف: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي و اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ و زﻧﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. روش: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﻋﻠّﯽ- ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اي ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ 200 ﻧﻔﺮ از زﻧﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه) 100 ﻧﻔﺮ از زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ و 100 ﻧﻔﺮ از زﻧﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﺷﺎﻏﻞ) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 200 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان در ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن از وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﺧﻮﺑﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب و اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار در زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﯿﺪ. ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي و اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از زﻧﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دوره ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت وﯾﮋه اي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري دوره ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﺖ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺑﺮود و از ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت دورة ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮدن ﻫﻤﮑﺎري هاي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ زﻧﺎن و ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ و ﺷﺎن زﻧﺎن و ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺎر و زﻧﺪﮔﯽِ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Introduction: the present study designed and conducted to compare mental health, self-efficacy and life expectancy in retired women and non-employed women in Kermanshah. Methods: The present study was a descriptive and causal-comparative study with the participation of 200 people (100 retired women and 100 non-employed women) in Kermanshah in 2019. Results: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the distribution of scores in the population was normal for the research variables. Mental health was not good for all participants. Both groups had good self-efficacy. However, the life expectancy of non-employed women was lower than desired, and this figure seemed desirable in retired employed women. Findings of the present study showed that mental health, self-efficacy and life expectancy were significantly higher in retired women than in non-employed women (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that retired women have better mental health status than non-employed women. Due to the positive and significant relationship between life expectancy and social support and the dimensions of family, friends and colleagues and, due to the high level of social support in working people, increasing life expectancy in retired women makes sense to non-employed women. Considering the relationship between employment and mental health, planning to hold training courses focusing on mental health, creating agencies on ageing, strengthening women's social cooperation and appropriate entrepreneurship can be considered to prevent many ageing problems.