عنوان به زبان ديگر :
Investigation on Morphological and Biological Characteristics of Megaselia Scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae), as an Important Pest of Button Mushroom in Karaj, Iran
كليدواژه :
Megaselia Scalaris , mushroom , Karaj , قارچ خوراكي , كرج , MAGASELIA SCALARIS
چكيده لاتين :
According to the studies carried out from July to December 2000, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) was identified as an important pest of button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange), in Karaj mushroom farms. This species is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous one. The larvae feed on and bore tunnel in the stalk and pileus causing quality and quantity loss of the yield. The larvae are vermiform, and lack definite head capsule. The pupa is coarctate and has a pair of large respiratory horns. The adults are distinguished from the other species of the genus Megaselia by face chaetotaxy, long anal tube with 2 long hairs at distal, existence of 10 large setae at the back of hind tibia and costal vein that is longer than half of the wing length. The biology of the pest was studied in laboratory conditions (20 ± 1 ccʹ Rh>80% and 16L: 8D photoperiod). The result indicate that developmental time in males and females was 22.55 ± 0.081 and 23.66 ± 0.075 days, respectively. The incubation period, larval period (including 3 larval stages) and pupal period, were 1.04 ± 0.007, 8.33 ± 0.07 and 10.77 ± 0.055 days, respectively. The adult longevity of males and females in food free condition was 2.87 ± 0.091 and 3.44 ± 0.116 days, in pitmass media 3.10 ± 0.126 and 3.27 ± 0.106 days, in 5% glucose 6.29 ± 0.177 and 7.07 ± 0.186 days, in 5% glucose and pitmass 5.42 ± 0.156 and 6.49 ± 0.197 days and in natural condition of mushroom cultivation was 5.19 ± 0.178 and 5.75 ± 0.168 days, respectively. The juvenile mortality was 25.71 ± 5.14 percent. Sex ratio in artificial feeding condition (Malt, Yeast, and Agar) was 1:1.38 male to female and in natural cultivation condition of mushroom it was 1:1.44 male to female. Net reproductive rate (R.) and intrinsic rate of increase (r) were 29.4 and 0.132, respectively.
