بررسي و مقايسه وضعيت توليد و بهره برداري از مراتع ييلاقي بين عشاير كوچنده ، اسكان يافته خودجوش و هدايت شده در دشت بكان (فارس )

A Comparsion of Forage Production of Summer Quarter Ranglands and Exploitation Performance by Migrant, Planned and Volunteerily Settled Groups of Nomads

The most prevalent way of rangeland utilization in Iran is sheep and goat grazing. Rangeland utilization has been performed in 3 forms ; nomadic, seminomadic and rural type. Each form affects rangelands in a particular way.Jncrease in sheep-farmer population and decrease in Farmerʹs income on the one hand and the poor conditions of the rangelands on the other hand have caused severe disturbances to the balance among livestock, rangelands and the beneficiaries. This has caused a shortage of forage on the rangelands , therefore, through force of circumstances the sheep farmers have to use other sources of forage. In order to improve the situation , the government considered a plan to settle the nomads in some suitable areas as from 1993. This plan aimed at persuading the nomads to settle in a permanent ecosystem to have their life conditions improved. One of the sites selected by the government for this purpose is a summer quarter named Bakan Plain located on the north of the Fars Province. A group of nomads including 4 tribes was persuaded by government to settele in this area (Planned Settelement). Two other groups of nomads,the volunteer setteleres (Unplanned Settlement) including 2 tribes, and the migrants including 1 tribe used to live in this area from many years ago. This research which was commenced in 2001 and ended in 2003 aimed at studying forage production and exploitation as well as a comparison of the three mentioned groups as regards their effects on the rangeland. Using the previous studies, field visits , filling up questionaries, as well as interview with the nomads, the indices of production and exploitation of the rangeland were assessed. The obtained data were analayzed statistically using Excel and Spss softwares. The results showed that not only there is a significant difference in production and exploitation effects on rangeland for the 3 groups but also there is a significant difference among the tribes within each group. The results also showed that the condition of production and exploitation of the rangeland is better in the voluntreered setteler nomad ones than the other two groups; the migrants and the planned settlers. It seems this is due to decrease in number of livestock, supplementary feeding of the herds with crop remains as well as long duration of the volunteered settelment.