عبارت هاي فعلي ضميردار در زبان فارسي

Pronominal Verbal Phrases in Persian

Verbal phrases constitute an important part of spoken Persian, and these are often accompanied by a pronoun, which is almost always (but not always) declined (changing from 1st person to 2nd person etc) as the subject of the verb changes. Pronominal verbal phrases are difficult to master, especially for foreign learners of Persian, and this is not helped by the way these verbal phrases are recorded in Persian dictionaries, and this is what the author has set out to investigate in this paper. He starts off by collecting some 440 specimens from four sources of Persian colloquialisms, all of which have been published in Tehran: - Farhang-e `avant by Amir-Qoli Amini, n.d. - Farhang-e logat-e amiyane by S.M.A. Jamalzadeh, 1341/1962. - Ketab-e /cache, by Ahmad Samlu, the letter Be (part 2), 1377/1998. - Farhang-e arse ye amiyane, by Abol-Hasan Najafi, 1378/1999. The author then divides these examples into seven categories on the basis of the type of pronouns that accompany each verbal phrase, how the pronoun is used, and whether the pronoun is declined or not. This section is quite detailed and each category is illustrated with copious examples. In the latter part of the paper, the author turns his attention to the way these pronominal verbal phrases are recorded in Persian dictionaries, and he distinguishes three generations of lexicographers: Jamalzadeh, Dehkoda, Amir-Qoli Aminʹ and Ja`far Sahri belong to the first generation; they record the verbal phrase, but the citation form is haphazard; it does not conform to any standard and does not take into consideration the different types of pronouns which are used in the verbal phrase. The second generation comprises such lexicographers as Mohammad Mo` in, Soleyman Hayim (in his Small Persian-English Dictionary), Sadri-Afsar et al and last but riot least Ahmad Samlu. In their dictionaries the author notices a conscious effort to record a correct citation form for verbal phrases, but he does not find these efforts totally successful. There is still room for improvement, and the author finds the perfect result in Abol-Hasan Najafiʹs reference work, Farhang-e farsi ye ʹamiyane. Here we have a third generation lexicographer who has paid close attention to the question of verbal phrases, and as a result, his painstaking efforts have paid off and his citation forms are faultless.