نقش دولت در فرايند توسعه سالهاي 1357-1320

The Role of Government in Development Process: 1320-1357

This essay is based on an individualistic methodological assumption - one of the basic assumptions of the institutionalist economistsʹ research program- that the individuals seek to maximize their benefits. This assumption asserts that individuals do not react merely on the basis of a simple utilitarianism. Rather, in their encounter with the events and facts they behave in a way that meets their interests (i.e. expectations, creeds, and beliefs). These beliefs and creeds are primarily shaped in the family and then the educational centers and finally the social institutions. Accordingly, the form and the way the government bodies and organizations, as a set of social institutions, behave, engenders different expectations, creeds and beliefs in the entrepreneurs of a given society. Hence, based on the performance of the governments and other social institutions, individuals and organizations will find different activities valuable, thus, forming efficient and inefficient markets. In the development process, the government is considered as an endogenous factor. Consequently, as one of the factors of development, its characteristics may contribute to the formation of efficient or inefficient markets. The evidence suggests that the characteristics of the government of Iran have acted as an impediment to the formation of efficient markets by increasing the transaction costs.