شرح و نقد آراء لايب نيتس درباره رابطه نفس و بدن

The exposition and critique of Leibnizʹs ideas on the connection between soul and body

In this article it is examined that if the soul and body in the Leibnizʹs philosophy are homogeneous or not and if there is any interrelation between them and how their adaptation can be explained. In other word the views of Leibniz regarding the connection between soul and body are examined and criticized through a descriptive analysis of his articles such as Monadology and Discourse on metaphysics and his correspondence with Clarke and Arnauld and a study of the works of his commentators such as Latte, Russell and Ishiguro with regard to connection between soul and body. These views are analyzed and criticized and the following conclusions are drawn: 1- From Leibnizʹs view point soul and body are homogeneous; soul is a rulling Monad and body is a collection of infinite subjugated Monads, but we can not agree with this view, for there is no correct proof for Monad and this thesis that soul is a culling Monad requires that in some cases body must be soul. 2- There is not any interrelation between soul and body in the Leibnizʹs philosophy and their adaptation is explained only by pre-established harmony, but this opinion requires that human freedom and the best proof for soul would be lost. 3- The composition of soul and body on the level of Monads is by way of annexation and on the level of phenomena is by way of unification and the correctness of this thesis depends on correctness of thesis of Monad and Leibnizʹs definition of soul and body. 4- soul is present all over the body, but this does not mean diffusion.