برري سازوكار توسعه پاك در پروتكل كيوتو و نحوه تامين مالي پروژه ها

Study of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Kyoto Protocol and The Way of Financing Projects

In the 1980s, scientific evidence linking greenhouse gas emissions from human activities with the risk of global climate change started to arouse public concern. Governments held a series of international conferences that echoed this concern by issuing urgent calls for a global treaty to address the problem. Finally the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted in New York, Then at the third session of COP (Conference of Parties), in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted, which commits developed countries to reducing their collective emissions of greenhouse gases. In order for each country to respect its commitments, regional or national policies arc progressively implemented. Further to these efforts, three market mechanisms, known as flexible mechanisms, were set up: International Emission Trading (ET), Joint Implementation (JI) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). JI and CDM enable an investor country to obtain emission credits by investing in projects that reduce GHG emissions in a host country. The CDM process in large scale and small scale projects, itʹs financing and advantages have been studied in this paper.