مقايسه اكولوژيك گونه هاي جنس ARTEMISIA در استان سمنان

Ecological comparison of Artemisia species In Samnan province

Natural establishment and distribution of rangeland plants depend on environmental conditions and the plants characteristics. especially plant genetic. Artemisia species are distributed in arid and semi - arid regions. They have economic value and protect soils from erosions in harsh conditions. The effect of environmental conditions on distribution, morphology and anatomy of five species of Artemisia sieben. A. Buchen, A. diffusa, A. santolina and A. deserti were studied. The plant height, canopy cover, canopy diameter and plant density in each plant type were estimated. Soil samples for measurements of soil texture pH, EC. organic mater, organic carbon and calcic were taken. The plants leaf area, leaf thickness. specific leaf area and the water tissue of the plants were measured. Stomata density in upper and lower leaf area, paranchyma, xylem and phloem, epiderm and cuticle of the leaves were observed. The results showed that A. sieberi was distributed more areas than the other species. This species have been grown from altitude of 900m to 1900m sea level and in loame - sandy of soils. Distribution of A. aucheri was depended on topography and soil texture, especially the amount of silt· clay and loame - clay soils. A. deserti had the highest whileA. aucheri and A. dUfusa the lowest height. Leaf area of A. santolina and leaf thickness of A. deserti was more than other species respectively. Canopy cover and canopy and canopy diameter of A. santolana and A. deserti was more than A. diffuse, A. sieberi and A. aucheri. There was differences between stomata number in upper and lower leaf area.