نقش ها و هنجارهاي اجتماعي در ديوان حافظ نگرشي جامعه شناختي

Roles and Social Norms in the Diwan of Hafiz (A sociological approach)

Some players of social roles have been subjected to severe evaluation and hereby criticisms. The severity of such criticisms and their recurrence in the Persian literature suggests the ideas to the reader that those who fulfill such roles are more apt to show contranormative behaviors. Among the poets and writers of Iran, Hafiz and Obaid-e Zakani have, more than others, attached people who exact such roles. Preachers, ascetics, judges, spirituals and magistrates have been, numerously, object of criticism. In this article while trying to explain the meaning of roles and the concepts related to it, an attempt is made to explore into the causes and background of the mentioned criticisms. Based on the norms and social expectations, first, the difference among roles is explained in order to clarify peopleʹs sensibility vis-a-vis certain roles. Then, after having searched into the Diwan of Hafiz, using content analysis method, the roles that have been specially attracted attention and have been subjected to criticism are reidentified. Finally, the degree of sensibility of the roles, basic norms related to them and people ʹs expectations are identified and reintroduced.