بررسي و تحليل گزاره هاي شرطي و شروط صدق آنها در منطق ابن سينا

A Comparative to Conditionals and Their Truth Conditions in Ancient and Modern Logic with Emphasize to Avecinna

The Stoice Megaric logicians explored truth-functional conditional and its truth conditions, a knowledge which influenced modern logic. But it seems that they had no influence on the Avecinnaʹs logic in the area of conditionals. Avecinna and his successor made a distinction between Etefaghieh and Lozomieh of (Mottaseleh) conditionals. Etdfaghieh has, in general, different properties from those of conditionals explained in modern logic. The examples of Lozomieh can be analyzed in terms of entailment, causal, or counterfactual conditionals. Therefore these conditionals are not truth functional. Here the additional requirement is a claim that there is some kind of connection between the antecedent and the consequent. In other words, followers of Avecinnaʹs logic unaware of those conditionals that are kinds of logical implication, i.e. they were unaware of material and strict implication. As a result they have given the most attention to the analysis of Etefaghieh and Lozomieh as they are used in natural language and ordinary discourse according to the actual world.