مروري بر چالشهاي اقتصادي موجود در بخش نفت

During the last two decade, created transformations in the oil world market are leading to drastically decrease in oil revenue of oil exporting countries, including Iran. All of these transformations that usually scheduled and performed by International Energy Agency (IEA), providing a decrease in oil prices relatively stability in the worldʹs markets. In recent years with presentation and development of new oil transactions (especially in second half of 1980ʹs), oil transaction are increased many times as much as to its world exports. Meanwhile by increasing the oilʹs use tax in industrial countries, oil demands is limited. Consequently, in spite of increasing the tax in industrial countries, raw oil prices is decreased in world market and this matter is leading to decline the revenues of oil producing countries. sharpe increase of oil consumption efficiency in industrial countries caused to more limitation of demand for oil in this group of countries which consume more than 60 percent of world oil production. Thus, in this paper by taking into consideration the subjects such as: increase in oil tax, increase in oil consumption efficiency in world industrial countries, substitution of other energy sources, and sharpe decrease in real value of oil revenues, we study the ways to decline the loss resulting from recent changes in oil market and other domestic and foreign factors on Iranʹs economy, and then, we discuss the challenges facing the oil and energy sectors in development plans, from different approaches such as: Energy Study Center and the Oil Ministry.