بررسي اثر آللوپاتيك اجتماعي ريشه گندم ، پنبه و آفتابگردان بر روي مراحل مختلف رشد و نحو عملكرد دانه آفتابگردان

Investigation the probable allelopathic effect of root exudation of wheat, cotton sunflower on different growth development stayes and seed yield at sunflower

In order to study the allelopathic effect of the roots of wheat, cotton,and sunflower on different phases of growth and development and sunflower yield, this research was carried out based on a completely randomized design, including a factorial experiment with 3 replications under growth chamber conditions in the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics at Tehran University (I.B.B.) in 1376. the irrigation treatments consisted of the exudation components of the roots of wheat, cotton, and sunflower. The amounts of those components were measured in four water levels: 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/lit. some charateristics, like the height of plant, number of floweres in anthodium, number of seeds, dry matter of foliage, and seed yield were determined. The findings of this research indicated that most of the characteristics, due to the exudation components of wheat root residue with the density of 150 mg/lit, made important changes in the root matter. Thus, the effect of the exudation components of wheat root residue whit 150 mg/lit on the yield of sunflower seed with the mean of 300 kg/hec, in comparison with that of the exudation components of wheat root residue with the density of 0 mg/lit with the mean of 1100 kg/hec in the control group, was significantly different in 1% level. In general, the experiments carried out in this study showed that among the irrigation treatments, the impact of the exudation components of wheat root residue, especially with the density of 150 mg/lit on the studied characteristics, as compared with the irrigation treatments of other plants, was more negative. In this investigation, the positive allelopathic effects of some treatments on the characteristics were determined. Therefore, the irrigation treatment of the exudation of sunflower root with the density of 150 mg/lit had an increasing impact on the number of sunflower leaves. Generally, the phenolic components, which exude from different parts of the plant, can have both negative and, sometimes, positive effects on the growth of neighboring plants. For instance, in this study, the phenolic exudation components of wheat root residue in water affected the growth and development of the sunflower seed most negatively.