كليدواژه :
خصوصيات برگ , تخمگذاري , باقيمانده ي حشره كش ها , BEMISIA TABACI , حشره شناسي , Leaf factors , BEMISIA TABACI , Oviposition , Insecticide residues
چكيده لاتين :
Oviposition preferences based on leaf age, height, surface orientation, and presence of insecticide residues were determined for Bemisia (abaci (Gennadius) on Lantana Camara, at 25 ± 2 °C. 70 - 90% RH, and 14:10 (L: D) photoperiod. Whiteflies preferred young leaves located in high level to ones in lower and old leaves, and also abaxial leaf surface to adaxia! for oviposition, although this preference was overridden by reversing normal leaf position, that is, placing old leaves high and young leaves low. Preference for the abaxial leaf surface did not increased following reversing orientation, leaf age and height did not significantly affect sex ratio and pupal size (body length), but affected longevity, survival and fecundity, which were fewest on lower and old leaves. Effects of 3 insecticides including, deltamethrin, pirimphos - methyl and Nicotiana tabacum extract residues on oviposition were studied in 3 intervals of 2, 24, and 72 h after treatment by exposing whiteflies to insecticide-treated leaves. The effect of deltamethrin on ovipositional performance reduction was higher than other insecticides in all intervals, but through the insecticides residue reduction, average number of egg deposited increased in all treatments except for controls. Interactions among leaf age, leaf heights, and insecticide residue were studied on egg deposition. The effects of leaf age and leaf height on oviposition were overriden by repellency to residues of deltamethrin and pirimphos - methyl.
