تاثير عصاره هاي خرزهره ، اسطوخودوس و آنغوزه بر شاخص هاي تغذيه اي حشرات كامل شپشه ي آرد

Effectiveness of Extracts of Nerium oleander, Lavandula officinalis and Ferula assafoeda on Nutritional Indices of Tribolium castaneum Adults

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the alcoholic extracts of leaf and flowers (red and white) of Nerium oleander, leaf of Lavandula officinalis and gum of Ferula assafoetida on Tribolium castaneum. Nutritional indeces, namely relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficacy of coversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrent index (FDI) were measured. Treatments were evaluated by the method of flour disk bioassay, under controlled condition, at 28±1°C and 70-80% RH. and 16:8h (L:D) photoperiod. Of each extract several concentrations (30, 60, 90, 120. 150 pi/disk) with control were prepared. Thereafter; ten seven -day adults were introduced to each disk. Then, nutritional indices were measured three days later. Results showed that gum extract of F. assafoetida was the most effective, and significantly decreased the RGR and RCR. These rates, at the concentration of 150 µlldisk was decreased to 0.005 and 0.032 mg/day respectively. However, at the same concentration, there were not any significant differences among remaining extracts. Moreover. the gum extract, in higher concentration (150 pi/disk), decreased the ECI significantly as compared with other extracts. The efficiency (ECI) was decreased to 13.33. While, the EC1 at 150 µl/disk did not significantly differed among the other extracts. The gum extract of F. assafoetida had the most effective on FM and increased it up to 87.33%.