تعيين شيوع علايم و نشانه هاي اختلالات مفصل گيجگاهي - فكي در دانشجويان دانشكده دندان پزشكي تبريز

Prevalence of Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders in Dentistry Faculty Students

Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are he etiologic factors in the most patients with chronic pain of or facial region; therefore, evaluating such disorders in clinical dental researches, is of great importance. The basis of this study was to evaluate the signs and symptoms of these disorders (which compromise the principles of proper diagnosis and treatment) and to study the factors influencing them. Materials and Methods: A total of 235 dental students studying in Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz, took part in the study by filling a questionnaire, and finally 50 students with TMD symptoms were clinically examined. Results: The most common reported symptom, was a feeling of fatigueness in the jaws. Stress, oral habits and mental health, had a siginficant relationship with the prevalence of symptoms. The most common clinical signs in descending order of frequency included: deviation, clicking when opening the mouth, and pain in the masticatory muscles, especially lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. Class III occlusion was the most common type of occlusion among those with TMD symptoms. Conclusion: Stress and oral habits in the form of parafunctional activities, were the major factors in increasing the rate of reported symptoms in questionnaires, of which joint clicking, interlocking of jaws and limitation of mouth opening can be mentioned. These factors also increased the prevalence of signs such as deviation and clicking while opening the mouth and tenderness of muscles to percussion in clinical examination. There is contraversy over the type of occlusion related to TMD in this sutudy and previous studies, which emphasizes the fact that the type of occlusion possibly can not be a primary etiologic factor in the occurance of TMD symptoms, but may be considered as a predisposing factor. Provided the adaptation capaciy of the masticatory system can overcome it, termporoamandibular joint will be completely normal.